Farming and agriculture is an area that may benefit from improved use of automation in order to increase working hours and improve food quality and safety. In this paper, a commercial robot was purchased and modified, and crop row navigational software was developed to allow the ground-based robot to autonomously navigate a crop row setting. A proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller and a fuzzy logic controller were developed to compare the efficacy of each controller based on which controller navigated the crop row more reliably. Results of the testing indicate that both controllers perform well, with some differences depending on the scenario.
A mathematical model simulating the gas carburising of steel components has been developed for the prediction of optimum process parameters. The utilisation of optimised process parameters has given rise to increases in furnace throughput of ~ 20%. The implementation of the optimised process parameters has demanded faster, more accurate process control than that achieved with conventional furnace control equipment. The required degree of control has been achieved with systems based on either a minicomputer or a microcomputer in which furnace atmosphere analysis is effected with oxygen probes.
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