Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Faisalabad, Pakistan, a premier foundational birthplace of the Green revolution in Pakistan, has played a vital role in attaining food self-sufficiency. Latest grown varieties have succumbed to ever-changing pathogens, unable to stand in the fields. Hence, the initiative to develop an indigenous type to withstand high disease pressure producing better grain yield transpired during 2008–2009, with the hybridization of Dilkash-20 (WBLL*2/4/SNI/TRAP#1/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ/5/ PB.96//LU26/HD2179). It proceeded with segregating generations from F2 to F7 from 2009 to 2016. During 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, its testing followed at station yield trials, including Preliminary (A) and Regular (B), under code V-16005. It produced a significantly higher yield (10.86% and 10.40%) than the check varieties (Faisalabad-08 [FSD-08] and Punjab-11 [PB-11]). In provincial trials, it out-yielded a check variety by 4.06%. Testing in national yield trials, line V-16005 produced 17.40% and 12.03% higher grain yield than check cultivars during 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, respectively. It yielded better when planted on the first 10 days of November with a 100 kg ha-1 seed rate and 120:90:60 NPK (kg ha-1) fertilizer rate. The Dilkash-20 variety is a medium-height (105–115 cm), semi-erect producing 425 tillers per m2, with 119 days to heading and 145–150 days to maturity. It is of excellent quality, with protein (15.1%), starch (52.7%), gluten (28.7%), and test weight (72.1 kg hl-1), highly suitable for chapatti making. It has an effectual, durable resistance against brown and yellow rusts based on adult plant resistance genes. Therefore, the Punjab Seed Council approved Dilkash-20 for general cultivation throughout the irrigated areas of Punjab.
The increasing global population demands potential high-yielding wheat genotypes, even under changing climatic conditions. Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Faisalabad, designed a two-year study during 2018–2020, following augmented block design, to assess the association between yield and quality parameters in 245 bread wheat genotypes, including 10 checks. Separating all genotypes into four sets was according to their origin, i.e., local landraces, exotic material from CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Pakistani accessions, and miscellaneous. A sufficient amount of genetic variation among all the genotypes for the measured traits was evident from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation studies demonstrated a similar trend of association among traits in Pakistani and CIMMYT lines, but distinct patterns of association among landraces and mixed genotypes occurred. The whole population of diversified germplasm showed a positive association of yield with all the traits except chapatti quality, pH of flour, and gluten during 2018– 2019. Similarly, in 2019–2020, grain yield was positively associated with all the traits except test weight, chapatti quality, and pH of flour. The attributes responsible for the grain size, i.e., grain length, width, thickness, and a thousand kernel weight, expressed a strong association among each other and with the grain yield. A positive correlation between grain yield and grain quality characters (bread and chapatti quality, test weight, gluten, and protein) emerged in the pre-green revolution germplasm during both years, which can benefit wheat quality improvement. The study concluded that for future wheat breeding programs for high-yield potential, more attention should focus on the traits responsible for grain size.
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