Articles you may be interested inWe present a simple electron time of flight spectrometer for time resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of liquid samples using a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) source produced by high-harmonic generation. The field free spectrometer coupled with the time-preserving monochromator for the VUV at the Artemis facility of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory achieves an energy resolution of 0.65 eV at 40 eV with a sub 100 fs temporal resolution. A key feature of the design is a differentially pumped drift tube allowing a microliquid jet to be aligned and started at ambient atmosphere while preserving a pressure of 10 −1 mbar at the micro channel plate detector. The pumping requirements for photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy in vacuum are presented, while the instrument performance is demonstrated with PE spectra of salt solutions in water. The capability of the instrument for time resolved measurements is demonstrated by observing the ultrafast (50 fs) vibrational excitation of water leading to temporary proton transfer.
A laser beam characterization method is reported, which is applicable to arbitrary and ideal laser beam intensity profiles. This method, called the scattered light imaging method (SLIM), is based on scattered light imaging of a laser beam and provides a complete visualization of it in the region of interest. The method was applied to characterize an arbitrary pedestal-shaped beam and compared with a conventional method (camera scanning). The results we presented show that, for arbitrary beams, it seems much more meaningful to know the intensity profile evolution than to determine an M2 value. Therefore the SLIM is a powerful tool for a new and more complete type of laser beam characterization.
This article presents the use of piezoelectric PVDF films as a sensor for the vapor stream in laser ablation experiments. The analysis of the PVDF electric signal gives the translational temperature and the vapor drift velocity of the ablated plume. A PVDF sensor was used in a tungsten ablation experiment, using HyBrID copper laser, and it was obtained a translational temperature of 9×104 K and a drift velocity of 4×105 cm/s.
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