WASp-interacting protein (WIP), a regulator of actin cytoskeleton assembly and remodeling, is a cellular multi-tasker and a key member of a network of protein–protein interactions, with significant impact on health and disease. Here, we attempt to complement the well-established understanding of WIP function from cell biology studies, summarized in several reviews, with a structural description of WIP interactions, highlighting works that present a molecular view of WIP’s protein–protein interactions. This provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which WIP mediates its biological functions. The fully disordered WIP also serves as an intriguing example of how intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) exert their function. WIP consists of consecutive small functional domains and motifs that interact with a host of cellular partners, with a striking preponderance of proline-rich motif capable of interactions with several well-recognized binding partners; indeed, over 30% of the WIP primary structure are proline residues. We focus on the binding motifs and binding interfaces of three important WIP segments, the actin-binding N-terminal domain, the central domain that binds SH3 domains of various interaction partners, and the WASp-binding C-terminal domain. Beyond the obvious importance of a more fundamental understanding of the biology of this central cellular player, this approach carries an immediate and highly beneficial effect on drug-design efforts targeting WIP and its binding partners. These factors make the value of such structural studies, challenging as they are, readily apparent.

‫الناقلدة‬ ‫اٌروس‬ ‫لل‬ GFLV ‫فدً‬ ‫النٌمداوودا‬ ‫افدراد‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫مووسط‬ ‫كان‬ ‫اذا‬ 711 ‫وربدة‬ ‫مدل‬ 16.5 ‫مد‬ ‫مقارندة‬ ‫فدردا‬ 44255 ‫فدردا‬ ‫كما‬ ‫الموجبة.‬ ‫المقارنة‬ ‫معاملة‬ ‫فً‬ ‫دات‬ ‫مخل‬ ‫اسوعمال‬ ‫نوائج‬ ‫بٌنت‬ ‫الطٌدور‬ ‫النٌ‬ ‫مكافحدة‬ ‫فدً‬ ‫الموحللدة‬ ‫مداوودا‬ X. index ‫دة‬ ‫المخول‬ ‫الوربدة‬ ‫اعمداق‬ ‫علدى‬ ‫النٌمداوودا‬ ‫اعددادا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫فً‬ ‫فاعلٌة‬ ‫فدً‬ ‫النٌمداوودا‬ ‫افدراد‬ ‫عددد‬ ‫مووسدط‬ ‫فكدان‬ 711 ‫مدل‬ ‫وربددة‬ ‫المعاملددة‬ ‫هددذه‬ ‫فددً‬ 0.755 ‫البددال‬ ‫الموجبددة‬ ‫المقارنددة‬ ‫بمعاملددة‬ ‫مقارنددة‬ ‫فددردا‬ 44255 ‫فددردا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ودديثٌر‬ ‫هددذه‬ ‫الوربة.‬ ‫عمق‬ ‫زٌادة‬ ‫م‬ ‫انخ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫المعام‬ ‫كمدا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫كدان‬ ‫بدٌن‬ ‫لودداخل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫المعاملدة‬ ‫الحٌوانٌدة‬ ‫دات‬ ‫المخل‬ ‫واضدافة‬ ‫المبٌددات‬ ‫الس‬ ‫بحام‬ ‫الرش‬ ‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النبات‬ ‫مقاومة‬ ‫واسوحثاث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫لسٌلك‬ ‫ويثٌر‬ ‫النٌمداوودا‬ ‫اعداد‬ ‫خ‬ ‫فً‬ ‫وقدت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اذ‬ ‫معاملدة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫المعدام‬ ‫جمٌد‬ ‫علدى‬ ‫معنوٌدا‬ ‫السالسدٌلك‬ ‫بحدام‬ ‫والرش‬ ‫فاٌوكس‬ ‫والمبٌد‬ ‫الطٌور‬ ‫ات‬ ‫مخل‬ ‫اضافة‬ ‫بٌن‬ ‫الجم‬ ‫فقدد‬ ‫النٌماوودا‬ ‫اعداد‬ ‫مووسط‬ ‫انخ‬ ‫فً‬ ‫الوربة‬ ‫الى‬ .54 ‫النٌمداوود‬ ‫من‬ ‫فرد‬ ‫لكدل‬ ‫ا‬ 711 ‫وربدة‬ ‫مدل‬ ‫قٌاسدا‬ ‫المقارندة‬ ‫بمعاملدة‬ ‫الموجبة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ص‬ ‫العمق‬ ‫وكان‬ -74 ‫اكثر‬ ‫سم‬ ‫ها‬ ‫ويثرا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫بالمعام‬ ‫العمقد‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ود‬ ‫ان‬ 74 -41 ‫و‬ 41 -24 ‫سدم‬ ‫الودوالً‬ ‫علدى‬ ، ‫ت‬ ‫المعدام‬ ‫بداقً‬ ‫علدى‬ ‫وقدت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اذ‬ ‫وناقلده‬ ‫داٌروس‬ ‫ال‬ ‫مدن‬ ‫كدل‬ ‫نشداط‬ ‫خ‬ ‫فً‬ ‫واضحا‬ ‫ويثٌرها‬ ‫المعاملة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫كان‬ ‫كما‬ ‫الورقٌدة‬ ‫والمسداحة‬ ‫ارفدرح‬ ‫عددد‬ ‫فدً‬ ‫واثٌرهدا‬ ‫عدن‬ ‫فضد‬ ‫والجدذري‬ ‫الخضدري‬ ‫المجموعٌن‬ ‫لك‬ ‫نمو‬ ‫افضل‬ ‫واعطت‬ ‫المصابة.‬ ‫عنال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫الكلورفٌل‬ ‫ونسبة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ددة‬ ‫الورقد‬ ‫دداٌروس‬ ‫فد‬ ‫ددةو‬ ‫الدالد‬ ‫ددات‬ ‫الكلمد‬ ‫ددة‬ ‫مروحٌد‬ ، ‫ددور‬ ‫الطٌد‬ ‫ددات‬ ‫د‬ ‫مخل‬ ، ‫ددٌلك‬ ‫السالسد‬ ، ‫دداٌوكس‬ ‫فد‬ ‫ددد‬ ‫المبٌد‬ Vyox ، GFLV ، Xiphinema index . ‫البحث‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫وارٌخ‬ ‫و‬ 02 / 7 / 7102 ، ‫وقبوله‬ : 21 / 9 / 7102 . ‫المقذمة‬ ‫للعندل‬ ‫المروحٌدة‬ ‫الورقدة‬ ‫فداٌروس‬ ‫ٌعدد‬ Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) ‫المهمدة‬ ‫اٌروسدات‬ ‫ال‬ ‫مدن‬ ‫اروربٌدة‬ ‫ارعندال‬ ‫وخصوصدا‬ ‫العدالم‬ ‫حدول‬ ‫ارعنال‬ ‫زراعة‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫فً‬ ‫والمنوشر‬ ‫العنل‬ ‫على‬ Vitis vinifera ‫او‬ ( ‫الهجٌندة‬ ‫دال‬ ‫ارعند‬ ‫النودا‬ ‫كيصدول‬ ‫ارعندال‬ ‫دذه‬ ‫هد‬ ‫جدذور‬ ‫اسدوخدام‬ ‫عندد‬ Hewitt ، 09.1 ‫دة‬ ‫الورقد‬ ‫مدر‬ ‫وٌسدبل‬ .) ‫قد‬ ‫الحاصل‬ ‫فً‬ ‫خسائر‬ ‫المروحٌة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫وصل‬ 91 ‫صدن‬ ‫وحساسدٌة‬ ‫داٌروس‬ ‫ال‬ ‫لة‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ضراوة‬ ‫على‬ ‫اعوماد‬ ‫وذلك‬ % ‫دزروح‬ ‫المد‬ ‫دل‬ ‫العند‬ ، ‫داوز‬ ‫ٌوجد‬ ‫دد‬ ‫قد‬ ‫دو‬ ‫النمد‬ ‫دً‬ ‫فد‬ ‫درا‬ ‫كبٌد‬ ‫دا‬ ‫نقصد‬ ‫دة‬ ‫الحساسد‬ ‫دنا‬ ‫احصد‬ ‫دا‬ ‫وخصوصد‬ ‫دابة‬ ‫المصد‬ ‫دال‬ ‫ارعند‬ ‫دانً‬ ‫وعد‬ ‫اذ‬ 41 ( ‫دددابة‬ ‫المصد‬ ‫دددجار‬ ‫احشد‬ ‫دددار‬ ‫عمد‬ ‫دددط‬ ‫مووسد‬ ‫دددنخ‬ ‫ٌد‬ ‫دددا‬ ‫كمد‬ % Martelli ‫و‬ Boudon-Podieu ، 711. ‫دددود‬ ‫ٌعد‬ .) ‫اٌروس‬ ‫ال‬ GFLV ‫ا‬ ‫الدى‬ ‫لعائلدة‬ Secoviridae ‫الجدنس‬ ‫والدى‬ Nepovirus ‫وٌنقدل‬ ‫طبٌعٌدا‬ ‫مدن‬ ‫وخصصدً‬ ‫بشدكل‬ ‫ارعندددال‬ ‫الخنجرٌدددة‬ ‫النٌمددداوودا‬ ‫بوسددداطة‬ ‫السدددلٌمة‬ ‫الدددى‬ ‫المصدددابة‬ Xiphinema index ‫الودددً‬ ‫ووبددد‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عائلدددة‬ Longidoridae ‫الود‬ ً ‫دذور‬ ‫جد‬ ‫علدى‬ ‫دذٌوها‬ ‫وغد‬ ‫دات‬ ‫اثند‬ ‫داٌروس‬ ‫د‬ ‫ال‬ ‫...

This study was conducted to molecular diagnostics of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) in leaf samples of grapevine were collected from the grapevine yards in Salahuddin governorate, where grapevines are commonly grown in Iraq. The virus was detected in the samples by using SuperScript TM III RT kit and pair of specific primers GFLV2231F and GFLV2533R was used to amplify fragments of the coat protein gene (CP) in rapid direct one tube RT-PCR.