yambo is an ab initio code for calculating quasiparticle energies and optical properties of electronic systems within the framework of many-body perturbation theory and time-dependent density functional theory. Quasiparticle energies are calculated within the GW approximation for the self-energy. Optical properties are evaluated either by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation or by using the adiabatic local density approximation. yambo is a plane-wave code that, although particularly suited for calculations of periodic bulk systems, has been applied to a large variety of physical systems. yambo relies on efficient numerical techniques devised to treat systems with reduced dimensionality, or with a large number of degrees of freedom. The code has a user-friendly command-line based interface, flexible I/O procedures and is interfaced to several publicly available density functional ground-state codes. 71.45.Gm, 71.15.Qe
yambo is an open source project aimed at studying excited state properties of condensed matter systems from first principles using many-body methods. As input, yambo requires ground state electronic structure data as computed by density functional theory codes such as Quantum ESPRESSO and Abinit. yambo's capabilities include the calculation of linear response quantities (both independentparticle and including electron-hole interactions), quasi-particle corrections based on the GW formalism, optical absorption, and other spectroscopic quantities. Here we describe recent developments ranging from the inclusion of important but oft-neglected physical effects such as electron-phonon interactions to the implementation of a real-time propagation scheme for simulating linear and nonlinear optical properties. Improvements to numerical algorithms and the user interface are outlined. Particular emphasis is given to the new and efficient parallel structure that makes it possible to exploit modern high performance computing architectures. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility to automate workflows by interfacing with the yambopy and AiiDA software tools. CONTENTS
Shape corrections to the standard approximate Kohn-Sham exchange-correlation ͑xc͒ potentials are considered with the aim to improve the excitation energies ͑especially for higher excitations͒ calculated with time-dependent density functional perturbation theory. A scheme of gradient-regulated connection ͑GRAC͒ of inner to outer parts of a model potential is developed. Asymptotic corrections based either on the potential of Fermi and Amaldi or van Leeuwen and Baerends ͑LB͒ are seamlessly connected to the ͑shifted͒ xc potential of Becke and Perdew ͑BP͒ with the GRAC procedure, and are employed to calculate the vertical excitation energies of the prototype molecules N 2 , CO, CH 2 O, C 2 H 4 , C 5 NH 5 , C 6 H 6 , Li 2 , Na 2 , K 2 . The results are compared with those of the alternative interpolation scheme of Tozer and Handy as well as with the results of the potential obtained with the statistical averaging of ͑model͒ orbital potentials. Various asymptotically corrected potentials produce high quality excitation energies, which in quite a few cases approach the benchmark accuracy of 0.1 eV for the electronic spectra. Based on these results, the potential BP-GRAC-LB is proposed for molecular response calculations, which is a smooth potential and a genuine ''local'' density functional with an analytical representation.
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