The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) increases its impact on all spheres of socioeconomic activity, stimulates innovative development and contributes to the creation of new jobs. The purpose of this publication is to study the development of the ICT sphere in Ukraine according to international indices and rankings, and to determine the prospects for its development. The methodological basis of the article contains: review of international indices and rankings in the ICT sphere, graphic and statistical analysis. The most significant international rankings and indices that characterize the level of development of the IT sphere in the countries of the world are considered. Conventionally, they were divided into early indices that reflected the level of development of ICT countries in the world in general, and modern indices that largely reflect the development of certain directions of the IT sphere of the countries of the world. Early indices such as Infostate (Orbicom) and ICTOI include information on providing consumers with traditional communication technologies, while ICTDI, DOI already take into account the impact of using more recent communication technologies, i.e., the Internet. All early indices measuring the level of development of ICT of the countries of the world characterize the state of infrastructure development, use of and skills required by ICT in Ukraine as an average that should be improved. Among the modern indices, the structure of indices and the dynamics of values are considered on the example of Ukraine according to: Network Readiness Index (NRI); Global Communication Index (GCI); Inclusive Internet Index (3I-index); IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking (WDCR); Global Cybersecurity Index (GCsI); National CyberSecurity Index (NCSI); Global Innovation Index (GII); Global Knowledge Index (GKI). Most of the analyzed international rankings and indices demonstrate the strengthening of Ukraine’s position in the world ICT market in the pre-war years. With significant potential in the ICT sphere along with supporting its growth, we can hope for its rapid recovery and further development.
The aim of the study is to define the essential characteristics of startups, identify the features, trends and prospects for their development in the global energy sector as well as development opportunities in Ukraine. Based on the carried out research, it is shown that today startups are a catalyst for economic development, the processes of their creation in the world are developing dynamically. The importance of the energy sector in the development of startups due to the importance for states and humanity aiming at achieving the goals of the transition to clean energy, also the need to ensure energy independence and security of the countries of the world, and their national security in particular, is determined. An understanding of the essence of the concept of «startup» has been formed. It is found that startups are based on low-tech, high-tech and deep-tech innovations, their features are examined. Specific features of the energy sector that determine the processes of technological changes in the sector and affect the peculiarities of creating and implementing startups, the dynamics of their development and risks are highlighted. Quantitative indicators of the development of startups (including those connected with energy sector), as at the global level so by individual countries, their structure according to the directions, features of the development of startups in the fields of «clean» and «digital» energy are researched. The experience of individual countries in building an effective startup ecosystem is considered. It is substantiated that in the current conditions the development of the country requires the use of various instruments on the part of national policy for the formation and development of an ecosystem of startups, ensuring the appropriate institutional environment. This will create the basis for economic growth, which is extremely important for Ukraine in the context of post-war economic recovery. It is determined that large-scale destruction in the energy sector substantiates the high importance of the development of startups in it, which can be helpful in covering certain needs, for example, in liquid fuel, efficient heat supply, etc.
Startups have recently become an important component of the modern economy, leading to an increase in its innovativeness and providing opportunities for a country to reach the best possible position in the competitive world market. The article is aimed at examining the ecosystems of startups of the countries around the world, their grouping and defining the key driving forces for the development of startups. The methodological basis of the article includes: an overview of international indices and rankings of startup ecosystems; the correlation, cluster, graphic, and statistical analyses. The structure and composition of the main international indices and rankings that characterize the conditions for the development of startups are examined. A correlation analysis of the main indices characterizing the level of development of startup ecosystem and the socioeconomic development of the world countries was carried out. This allowed to determine a noticeable relationship between: indicators of the Index of the most startup-friendly countries around the world and the Global Innovation Index; the number of startups per 1 thousand residents and the Global Startup Ecosystem Index; GDP per capita and the Global Innovation Index. A grouping of countries of the world was carried out using the cluster analysis, which was carried out in accordance with two groups of indicators. The analysis of the first group of indicators (the Index of the most startup-friendly countries in the world, the Global Startup Ecosystem Index and the number of startups per 1 thousand residents) allowed to allocate three clusters according to the level of development of the startup ecosystem: leading countries, potential leaders, and catching up countries. A group of countries that, according to the classification, are leaders in terms of both the development of startup ecosystems and socioeconomic development is defined. The main directions of bridging the gap in the development of startups in both the catching up countries and the developed countries of the world are identified: ensuring the transparency of startup ecosystems and their mutual coordination with the country’s innovation policy; promoting entrepreneurial and startup-based thinking in science and research; promoting the formation of a more friendly attitude of society to startups; attracting more employees from the academic, scientific and entrepreneurial spheres, whose activities, in cooperation with the government, should be directed to the development of science-intensive and technological startups.
To study promising areas of IT development is very important not only because it helps find competitive advantages for IT managers, but also because of the impact it makes on various aspects of economic activity, such as customers, clients, ecosystem, etc. The article in question is aimed at determining promising areas of IT development in the world by analyzing the current trends and predict researchers’ publication and patent activity. The methodological basis for the article is made up by the following: research review, analysis of general trends in the IT development, bibliometric and patent analysis, and graphic and statistical analysis. A general approach is suggested to identify promising areas of IT development in the world, the approach being comprehensive, unlike the already existing ones. The main trends in the IT development are studied by reviewing scientific literature and reports on the technological development of the industry. In particular, Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies is analyzed. The world’s technological foresights, in particular those of the EU countries, the USA, South Korea, and Japan, were analyzed, which allowed us to identify the most probable trends in the IT development in the world. The dynamics and structure of scientists’ publishing activity on the topic of “Computer Science” are analyzed according to the bibliometric indicators of the SCImago Journal & Country Rank portal, and patent applications published in the field of information technology is analyzed according to the data of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The changes in the structure and number of publications and patent applications for the period 1996–2020 are analyzed. The most promising areas of research in the IT sphere are determined. Due to grouping the obtained results we can determine such promising areas of IT development in the world: artificial intelligence, cloud technologies, blockchain technology, information and communication technologies, big data, computing memory, chatbots, cybersecurity, language recognition, digital communication, computer networks, and IT management methods. The obtained results of the research can serve as a basis to determine the priorities of developing IT research in Ukraine
Artificial intelligence belongs to the rapidly developing technological spheres and in the future will have significant consequences for both national security and defense capability. For many countries of the world, artificial intelligence has become one of the key priorities for the development of the defense complex. The article is aimed at identifying the main directions of the use of artificial intelligence in ensuring the country’s defense capability. The methodological basis of the article is literature review and analysis of general trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies. The evolution of artificial intelligence was researched, which allowed to determine the following stages: the emergence of expert systems; development of machine and statistical training; development of the conception and technology of deep learning and contextual adaptation. Gartner’s predictions on the development of artificial intelligence technologies are analyzed and it is defined that the influence of deep learning methods, neuromorphic computing that simulate the neural structure and work of the human brain, competitive machine learning methods, analytics methods known as «small data» and «broad data» will increase in the future. The article analyzes the report «Science & Technology Trends 2020-2040» by the NATO Science and Technology Organization, substantiating the importance of using artificial intelligence to develop military capabilities, form strategic priorities in the sphere of weapons development and political decision-making. It is determined that the formation and development of military potential is expected to experience an increased impact of embedded artificial intelligence in the nuclear, aerospace, cybernetic technologies, technologies for the development of new materials and biotechnology; virtual/augmented reality; quantum computing; research of materials, etc. The authors determine possible directions of use of artificial intelligence in such areas as: C4ISR, weapons and their effective use, UxV, capability planning, CBRN, military medicine, logistics, cyber and information space, etc. The advantages of the use of artificial intelligence for the development of the defense capability of the world countries and significant threats that require further research of technologies and methods of artificial intelligence along with directions of their practical use in the sphere of defense and protection are identified.
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