The burden of disease in patients with congestive heart failure is high. The future of BNP looks promising as it may be a better diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of CHF in developing countries in new millennium. Natriuretic peptide hormones, a family of vasoactive peptides with many favourable physiological properties, have emerged as important contenders for development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents in cardiovascular disease. Measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide has become as an easy-to-perform bedside test. The clinical and diagnostic significance of the measurement of plasma Nt-proBNP in the diseases of the cardiovascular system with particular emphasis on the assessment of patients with heart failure and their effects on predicting survival rate. The plasma levels of Nt-proBrain Natriuretic peptide responds more vigorously after myocardial infarction than those of other natriuretic peptides. This article is an attempt to give a short overview on the utility of BNP-blood levels for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.
Diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine syndrome characterized by high blood glucose levels due to abrogated insulin activity. The existing treatments for DM have side effects and varying degrees of efficacy. Therefore, it is paramount that novel approaches be developed to enhance the management of DM. Therapeutic plants have been accredited as having comparatively high efficacy with fewer adverse effects. The current study aims to elucidate the phytochemical profile, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects of methanolic extract D. salicifolia (leaves) in Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally (150 mg kg-1, b.w), to induced diabetes in mice. The mice were divided into three groups (n=10). Group 1 (normal control) received normal food and purified water, Group II (diabetic control) received regular feed and clean water and group III (diabetic treated) received a methanolic extract of the plant (300 mg kg-1) for 28 days with a typical diet and clean water throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected to checked serum glucose and concentration of LDL, TC, TG. The extract demonstrated significant antihyperglycemic activity (P<0.05), whereas improvements in mice's body weight and lipid profiles were observed after treatment with the extract. This study establishes that the extract has high efficacy with comparatively less toxicity that can be used for DM management.
PURPOSE: We sought to determine the factors leading to and associated with death in sickle cell patients admitted to the MICU. METHODS: Clinical data and outcome variables were extracted from the medical records of 72 adult patients with Sickle cell Disease. Patients were admitted to MICU at Kings County Hospital from November 2005 until July 2008. RESULTS: 13 out of 72 patients (18%) admitted to the MICU died. Of those who died, 6 patients were diagnosed with septic shock, 2 patients with CHF, 2 patients with hyper−hemolytic syndrome and multi−organ failure and 3 with pulmonary embolism. Mortality was associated with an older age, higher incidence of MV, vasopressors requirements and shorter hospital length of stay. Additional mortality predictors were troponin level > 0.7 ng/ml, higher steady state creatinine, higher BUN and creatinine on admission and on MICU day 3. Although mortality was not associated with a higher lactate or LDH on admission they were both elevated on ICU day 3. Echocardiographic parameters associated with increased mortality were RVSP of >16 mmHg (p=0.02), moderate RA and RV dilatation (p=0.001) and a lower LVEF. CONCLUSION: Mortality was found to be 18% and important contributing factors were age, cardiopulmonary failure, renal insufficiency and rapid increase in LDH. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our data highlights the importance of early recognition of mortality predictors and the role of echocardiography in SCD patients admitted to MICU. Variable Non−survivors (n=13) Survivors (n=59) p−value Age (years) 45±19 34±13 0.016 Mechanical Ventilation (%) 100 15 <0.0001 Vasopressors (%) 92 8 <0.0001 Creatinine (mg/dl) Day # 3 3.2±0.5 1.1±0.2 0.0009 Troponin I > 0.7 ng/ml (%) 60 19 0.02 LVEF % 40±22 55±7 0.0002 RVSP 31±19 16±12 0.01 Moderate RV Dilation (%) 50 0 0.001 This abstract is funded by: None. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179;2009:A6098 Internet address: www.atsjournals.org Online Abstracts Issue
This study focused on analyzing the petroleum system of the Bannu Basin, which is the foreland basin of the Himalayan fold and thrust belts in Pakistan. The objectives of this study were achieved by dividing the study area into three zones, namely, the Southwestern zone, Southeastern zone, and Northeastern zone. The regional 2D seismic lines and well log data, including the bore hole temperature (BHT) and petrophysical and geochemical data, were integrated. The seismic interpretations and geohistory plots indicate higher levels of sedimentation and abrupt sedimentation from the Miocene until the Recent era due to the initiation of Himalayan orogeny. The thermal modeling indicates that potential source rocks are present in the basin, whereas the local faults in the Southwestern and Southeastern zones act as potential traps for the preservation of hydrocarbons. It is assumed that the Tredian Formation and Lumshiwal Formation are the potential reservoir rocks in the Southwestern zone, whereas the Warcha Formation and Tredian Formation are the economic reservoirs in the Southeastern zone. However, in the Northeastern zone, no major accumulation is present. The significant sedimentation of post-Miocene formations was the major event for the generation of hydrocarbons and a critical moment for the accumulation of hydrocarbons in the study area.
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