Objective: To evaluate the convenience and utility of optic nerve ultrasonography (ONUS) in the evaluation of emergency patients with elevated intracranial pressure (EICP) due to traumatic or non-traumatic causes. Methods: This study was conducted between May 2005 and December 2005 in the emergency department of Meram Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University. Patients with traumatic or non-traumatic EICP were included in the study. Among these, 28 patients with EICP determined on cranial computed tomography (CCT) and a control group of 26 patients with no disease had the vertical and horizontal diameters of the optic nerves (ONs) of both eyes measured by ultrasonography (US). The measurements were done by wetting the closed eyelids and using a 7.5-MHz linear probe. Results: Horizontal and vertical diameters of both ONs of the 54 patients were measured and the averages calculated. The mean (SD) ON diameter for the group suspected of having EICP was found to be 6.4 (0.7) mm, and that for the control group to be 4.6 (0.3) mm. In the statistical analysis carried out between these two groups (t test), the difference was found to be significant at p,0.001. Conclusions: In detection and follow-up of EICP cases, such as cerebrovascular accident and trauma, ONUS is a practical, risk-free, inexpensive, convenient and, if performed by experts, reliable method. As a result, although CCT may be more useful in diagnosis, ONUS may be more efficient in detecting EICP. In those cases where CCT and other conventional imaging methods are not available, ONUS can facilitate the diagnosis and help in treatment.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of staining solutions on the different shades of a dental composite, and to compare these effects with that of distilled water.Two shades of effect (ET1 and ET2) , two shades of enamel (EL and EM) , and two shades of dentin (DA1 and DA2) were used. Specimens were immersed in three staining solutions (chlorhexidine gluconate, filtered coffee, and orange juice) and distilled water.Color changes were characterized using the CIELAB color space. Since significant interactions occurred, the staining effect of each solution on each shade was determined using one-way ANOVA and the levels of factor in one-way ANOVA were compared using Tukey's method (p<0.05) The staining solutions were found to be more chromogenic than distilled water, and EM and DA2 shades were found to be more color-stable.Based on the color change results in this study, chlorhexidine gluconate (1 .45) , filtered coffee (1.43) , and orange juice (1.02) were determined as having "slight" staining effects on the tested shades. As for the tested shades in this study, they revealed acceptable color change results.
From the standpoint of dimensional change, the disinfectants tested for 10 minutes caused no significant linear dimensional change in the polyether impression materials, compared with the control group.
Fluctuations in atmospheric temperature, humidity, and air pollution are associated with the incidence of epistaxis. To date, no study in the literature has evaluated the effect of air pollution and meteorologic conditions on the pediatric population. We aimed to evaluate the effect of meteorologic factors and air pollution on the frequency of epistaxis in children. Children presenting to an outpatient clinical setting at a tertiary care hospital during a 5-year period (July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2014) and diagnosed with epistaxis formed the study population. Daily temperature and humidity parameters and average daily atmospheric water vapor pressure, average daily concentration of particulate matter <10 µm in diameter, and sulfur dioxide readings were obtained. The distribution of daily parameters was analyzed. Of the 1,559 children with the primary diagnosis of epistaxis, data from 1,330 children were analyzed after excluding patients with coexisting pathologies. Positive correlations were found between the frequency of epistaxis and both the average daily temperature and the difference between the maximum and minimum daily temperature. There was a negative correlation between the epistaxis frequency and the average daily humidity, the difference between the maximum and minimum daily humidity, the average daily concentration of particulate matter, and the sulfur dioxide levels. Our findings suggest that epistaxis in children is related to high temperatures and low humidity.
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