Background: Meat is considered a good source of animal vitamins, minerals, and proteins in some parts of the world, such as the Arabian Peninsula, India, and the Middle East. Measuring metal concentrations in camel meat is therefore essential for preventing food safety threats, which in turn protect consumers. Camel meat can be contaminated with heavy metals that may pose problems for human health and food safety. Methods: In this study, a determination of the concentrations of heavy or toxic metals that may be harmful to human health was made in camel meat obtained from different sources and butcher shops over a period of time in Samawah city. A total of 100 samples from different locations in Samawah city were collected for measurement each week using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: This was a positive sign for ensuring human health since camel meat was not polluted in any of the tested samples.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease that causes progressive joint damage and disability.Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-6, which are mainly produced bymacrophages, play a central role in the development of synovitis. For example, TNF play major role in theexpression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory chemokines which, in combination, facilitate increaseinflammatory leukocytes and severe inflammatory responses.In addition to environmental factors, genetic constitution of hosts seems to play a crucial role in acquiring thedisease and its development. The current study was carried out for the detection of any association of HLA-class 11(DR, DQ) with RA disease by genotyping in Iraqi patients, as well as to provide information about genotypes thatmay confer susceptibility or resistance to the development of the disease.Aim of the study: to assess the role, strength and profile of immune response in patients with rheumatoid arthritisby estimation of TNF- α, IL-10 and levels in compare to healthy control group. And to identify any role for certainalleles in exposure to the disease.Material and Method: Five ml of venous blood samples withdrawn from 30 patients suffering from confirmedRheumatoid arthritis disease, 19 patients were females and 11 males in addition to 30 healthy control samples wereenrolled in this study all samples were subjected for (ELISA test) (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay) toestimate the TNF- α, and IL-10 Levels by using the three ml of blood to extract the serum. Another two ml wasused for DNA extraction, and then HLA-Class Il genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequencespecific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSO).Results: A highly statistically significant variation both in TNF – α levels, and IL-10 between RA patients groupand healthy control group was observed, the P value was <0.001No statically significant differences between males and females in frequency of the RA with0.119 P value.HLA-class II genotyping of RA patients in compare with healthy control reflect significant differences in somealleles. Among DR alleles there were some alleles showed higher frequency in control group; DR*0403 alleleshowed increase frequency in control groups with 35% compared with 6.67% in patients group, and the P value was0.020, which is considered as statistically significant Another DR*701 allele showed increase frequency in patientsgroups with 9 cases 30% and the P value was 0.007. Concerning DQ allele’s genotyping no significant allele’sfrequency was noticed. Although *0202 allele occurred in 40% of patients group and 15% in control groups it wasnot significant statistically as the P value was more than 0.05
The study determined the effect of the addition of 10,20 and 30 gm/kg of sunflower seeds (kernel) to diets for broiler chickens during 1–35 days of age on the blood serum chemistry. One hundred twenty one-day-old broiler chickens were assigned to eight groups (treatments) with two replicates (15 birds per cage). The experiment lasted 5weeks. Broiler chickens receiving diets supplemented with sunflower seeds (kernel). blood biochemical responses of broiler chicks to dietary supplementation with sunflower seeds (kernel) significantly increased HDL, phospholipids and decreased cholesterol, LDL of blood serum in broiler chicks. Adding sunflower seeds to broiler diet lead to improvement the productive parameter (body weight gain, live body weight ,feed intake and feed conversion ratio).
The comet assay was carried out (Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was found in the breast and the thigh), and the degradation of DNA in the chicken sample may be an indicator that the storage conditions were not suitable. It is an indication for the quality of meat called malondialdehyde (MDA). The total volatile basic nitrogen, also known as TVB-N, is an indicator of the degradation of proteins, and this test is used to evaluate the quality of meat. a total of forty frozen carcass samples were collected at random from different Iraqi local markets in Baghdad. Twenty of these samples were extracted from the breast and thigh flesh of the same carcass and subjected to analysis with a comet assay, spectrophotometer, and keldjal equipment. The DNA comet assay revealed the lowest value in frozen breast DNA damage (9.85±1.88), but the result of the malondialdehyde MDA revealed no significant differences between the groups. The findings of the total volatile basic nitrogen TVB-N test showed that frozen thigh meats had a value of (9.19± 0.30) whereas breast meats had a value of (7.81± 0.58).
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