This paper presents stability and seepage evaluation of a high rockfill dam with a geomembrane seepage barrier by considering scenarios of a possible occurrence of a large earthquake due to the active faults in the region and also a seepage flow in the dam due to a possible rupture of the geomembrane liner. For this purpose, finite element transient seepage and pseudo static slope stability analyses were both carried out together to assess the critical potential failure surfaces and safety factors of the rockfill slopes. Therefore, pore water pressures on the failure surfaces were first calculated using the time varying (transient) numerical seepage analyses method which is essentially important to determine the time dependent variations of seepage paths and water pressures within the rockfill as well. In the analyses, it was determined that the most critical slope failure case is when a geomembrane liner tears at the time of the highest reservoir water elevation since the hydraulic head is maximum and causes the largest seepage pressure in the rockfill there. Analyses showed that if a strong earthquake struck the region, both the upstream and downstream slopes are safe with sufficiently high safety factors. In addition, in case of a possible tear and leakage on the geomembrane liner, the dam will also withstand well with 2.25 horizontal to 1 vertical slopes. However, it is recommended that constructing a downstream toe drain or a relief well will provide an additional safety measure against any heave occurrence or instability of the rockfill since the embankment and bedrock foundation are pervious causing high seepage pressures at the downstream toe of the dam.
Giderek azalan su kaynaklarının etkili biçimde kullanılması ve gelecek için su kaynaklarının doğru planlanması önemlidir. Su kaynaklarının planlanması çalışmalarında akım modellemeleri ve akım tahminleri yapmak çalışmaların temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Sandıklı Kestel barajına ait 1986-2008 yılı verileri ile ANFIS modeli kullanılarak aylık hacimlerin tahmini yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sistemde girdi olarak önceki aylara ait hacimler, hazneye giren ve çıkan hacimler ve buharlaşma miktarı kullanılmıştır. ANFIS yönteminde girdiler için kullanılan küme sayıları ise K-ortalamalar yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. K-ortalamalar yönteminden elde edilen küme sayıları ile oluşturulan farklı kümeler ANFIS'te modellenmiş ve sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Her bir girdi değeri için en uygun küme sayıları belirlenmiş ve bu doğrultuda modelleme yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak uygun küme sayılarına göre yapılan modellerin rastgele oluşturulan modellere göre daha düşük hata yüzdesine sahip sonuçlar verdiği belirlenmiştir.Correct planning of water resources is important for the efficient use of rapidly decreasing water resources in the future. Flow modeling and flow estimations in the planning of water resource are the basis of studies. In this study, it is aimed to estimate monthly volumes by using ANFIS model based on the data of 1986-2008 for Sandıklı Kestel dam. In the system, the volume of the previous months, the volume of the incoming and outgoing volumes and the amount of evaporation were used as input variables. In ANFIS method, the number of clusters used for the inputs was obtained by the method of K-means. Different clusters formed by K-averages were modeled in ANFIS and the results were compared. The optimal number of clusters for each input value is determined. Models have been established in this way. As a result, it has been found that the models made according to the optimal number of clusters yield results with lower error percentage compared to randomly generated models.
In this study, effects
of berm heights, excavation slope gradients and groundwater depths on the
stability of designed excavations as well as variations on the safety factors
of the excavation slopes are investigated. In the study, 3 different berm
heights (5m, 10m and 15m) and 2 berms usually preferred and faced at the slope
excavation applications were taken into consideration. So, for instance, for a
10 m berm height, total slope height to be analyzed will be a 30m high due to
for 2 berms. In addition, depending on these 3 different berm heights (5m, 10m
and 15m), 3 different slope excavation gradients (450, 550
and 650) were also defined in the modeling. Then, for these 9
different slope excavation designs, 3 different groundwater depths were also
additionally attained in the analyses. Numerical seepage analyses were
performed on totally 27 different modal types. Location of phreatic water
seepage lines and pore water pressure values as well as safety factors of the
excavation slope failure surfaces were analyzed depending on berm heights,
excavation gradients and groundwater locations for 27 different excavation and
slope scenarios. This study showed that when berm heights are increased, then
safety of the slope excavations is decreased.
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