Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C(2)–H
arylation of indoles
and pyrroles with aryl chlorides is achieved under neat conditions.
This method allows the efficient coupling of diverse aryl chlorides
employing a user-friendly and inexpensive Ni(OAc)2/dppf
catalyst system at 80 °C. Numerous functionalities, such as halides,
alkyl ether, fluoro-alkyl ether, and thioether, and substituted amines,
including heteroarenes like benzothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, and
carbazolyl, are well tolerated under the reaction conditions. The preliminary mechanistic study highlights
a single-electron transfer (SET) pathway for the arylation reaction.
The C–O bond formation represents a fundamental chemical transformation in organic synthesis to develop valuably oxygenated (hetero)arenes. Particularly, the direct and regioselective C–H bond oxygenation of privileged amides, using a transition metal catalyst and a mild oxygenating source, is a step-economy and attractive approach. During the last decade, considerable progress has been realized in the direct C−H oxygenation of primary, secondary and tertiary amides. This Minireview compiles the advances in transition-metal-catalyzed oxygenation of C(sp<sup>2</sup>)−H and C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H bonds on various amides with diverse oxygenation sources. The review is categorized into two different major sections: (i) C(sp<sup>2</sup>)−H oxygenation and (ii) C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H oxygenation. Each section is discussed based on the directing group (monodentate and bidentate) attached to the amide derivatives.
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