Coleus amboinicus(Lour) (CA) has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities. In this study, evaluation of cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and MTT assay using WiDr cell lines was carried out. The expression of several genes responsible for programmed cell death of the methanol extract of CA was also investigated. The morphology of the cells undergoing apoptosis was detected using Hoechst staining assay. The gene expression of BAX, BCL2, P53, Caspase 1, 7, 8, and 9 of treated samples with different concentrations (10, 15, 25 & 50 µg/ml) were measured with RT PCR. The phytochemical profiles were investigated using LC MS. The results showed that the lethality concentration (LC50) of methanol extract using brine shrimp was 34.545 µg/ml and the extract exhibited good antiproliferative activity against cancer cells WiDr with IC50 value (8.598 ± 2.68 µg/ml) as compared to standard drug 5-fluorouracil (IC50 value 1.839 ± 0.03 µg/ml). There was apoptotic evidences from the morphology of treated cells. The expressions of BAX,P53, and Caspase 9 were upregulated in lower concentration of the extract (10 and 15 µg/ml) but downregulated in higher concentration (25 and 50 µg/ml). BCL2 as anti-apoptotic gene was downregulated in all concentrations. Caspase 1 and Caspase 7 were upregulated in high concentration (25 and 50 µg/ml), but downregulated in lower concentrations. These data provide a mode of cell death for the methanol extract of CA in low concentrations corresponding to apoptosis with intrinsic pathway. Many valuable compounds identified including caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, malic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, benserazide, alpha-linolenic acid, betaine, Salvanolic B, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid and firulic acid have been previously reported as being active agents against many cancer cells. This study suggested that CA might become an effective ingredient for health-beneficial foods to prevent colon cancer.
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 7.1pt 6pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">The present study aims to analyze of influence maternal education to under five years-old children in West Kalimantan Province. The study uses Health Research Data Base of West Kalimantan Province in year 2007 with the design of cross-sectional study. </span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">The total of 1992 household samples were recruited in the study with criteria having child aged 6 to 59 months. Weight for height, weight for age, and h<span style="background: #FFFFFF none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">eight for age indicators were used to measure child nutritional status. The results showed that L</span>ogistic multiple regression analysis showed that maternal education under level of junior high school had 1.28 risk for children to bec</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">o</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">me stunting and 1.27 risk for children to bec</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">o</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">me underweight than maternal education level of above junior high school<span style="background: #FFFFFF none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></span></p>
Problem statement: Processing of food involving heat will contribute to loss of nutritional content, thus it is important to measure and control temperature and time to reduce the loss. Approach: Examine the effects of variations in boiling temperature and boiling time on the antioxidant activity of the boiling extract of Plecranthus amboinicus Lour. Fresh plants were boiled at 45, 60, 100 and 120°C for 1, 2 and 3 h respectively. The decoction was then filtered and the antioxidant activities of the extracted samples were measured on the basis of the scavenging activity of the stable 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Results: The antioxidant activity increased with the rise of temperature from 45-100°C but dropped when the extraction temperature was raised to 120°C. Two hours boiling time gave the highest antioxidant activities, but with no significant difference compared to 1 h boiling time (p>0.05). However, 3 h of boiling gave significantly (p<0.05) less antioxidant activity in the extract. Conclusion: Knowing the best boiling temperature and time will guide the future research in preserving antioxidant content of the plant when processing by boiling.
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 7.1pt 6pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">The present study aims to analyze of relationship of the implementation of balanced nutrition messages family and behavior family nutrition awareness with under five years child nutritional status in West Kalimantan Province. The study uses Health Research Data Base of West Kalimantan Province in year 2007 with the design of cross-sectional study. </span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">The total of 1992 household samples were recruited in the study with criteria having child aged 6 to 59 months. <span style="background: #FFFFFF none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">Weight for height, weight for age and height for age indicators were used to measure child nutritional status. The results showed that three messages did not meet criteria as required by the Indonesian Food Guideines. </span>T<span style="background: #FFFFFF none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">hree messages did not meet criteria as required by the Indonesian Food Guidelines. They were eat food withr energy needs requaired, eat half of food sources of carbohydrate for energy needs and eating one of fourth of food sources of fat for energy needs. L</span>ogistic multiple regression analysis showed that failure to follow the <span style="background: #FFFFFF none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">the Family Nutrition Awareness</span> had 1.21 risk for children to became stunting than family to follow to guideline properly<span style="background: #FFFFFF none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">.</span></span></span></p>
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