Recently, negative differential resistance devices have attracted considerable attention due to their folded current–voltage characteristic, which presents multiple threshold voltage values. Because of this remarkable property, studies associated with the negative differential resistance devices have been explored for realizing multi-valued logic applications. Here we demonstrate a negative differential resistance device based on a phosphorene/rhenium disulfide (BP/ReS2) heterojunction that is formed by type-III broken-gap band alignment, showing high peak-to-valley current ratio values of 4.2 and 6.9 at room temperature and 180 K, respectively. Also, the carrier transport mechanism of the BP/ReS2 negative differential resistance device is investigated in detail by analysing the tunnelling and diffusion currents at various temperatures with the proposed analytic negative differential resistance device model. Finally, we demonstrate a ternary inverter as a multi-valued logic application. This study of a two-dimensional material heterojunction is a step forward toward future multi-valued logic device research.

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The long-term plasticity of biological synapses was successfully emulated in an artificial synapse fabricated by combining low-surface defect van der Waals (vdW) and self-assembled (SA) materials. The synaptic operation could be achieved by facilitating hole trapping and releasing only via the amine (NH2) functional groups in 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, which consequently induced a gradual conductance change in the WSe2 channel. The vdW–SA synaptic device exhibited extremely stable long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD) characteristics; its dynamic range and nonlinearity reproduced near 100 and 3.13/–6.53 (for LTP/LTD) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 2%. Furthermore, after conducting training and recognition tasks for the Modified National Institute of Standard and Technology (MNIST) digit patterns, we verified that the maximum recognition rate was 78.3%, and especially, its RSD was as low as 0.32% over several training/recognition cycles. This study provides a background for future research on advanced artificial synapses based on vdW and organic materials.

The basic purpose of this study is to identify a link concerning tourism, pecuniary expansion, and environmental protection in developing countries. The current research looks at the overall state of emerging economies as well as income comparisons. The study employs the 3sls model. Tourism benefits from economic growth as well. Tourism is attracted by economic prosperity, and tourism will increase tourism. According to the findings, economic growth has a negative impact on the environment, and the environment has an adverse effect on economic growth. As income activity accelerates, so will environmental emissions, and environmental emissions have a detrimental impact on economic growth? Further findings imply that tourism has a favorable impact on the environment, with an increase in tourism causing a depreciation of the ecosystem. Environmental pollution has a favorable effect on tourism, as the majority of people travel to other countries for business and religious reasons. This can be found in all models. The exchange rate has a negative influence on the overall and high-income groups, but a favorable effect in the reduced groups. In all models, the other variable, political instability, has a negative effect on tourism, while trade has a favorable effect. GDP is boosted by the literacy rate and gross capital formation Population increase, urbanization, and energy use all have a favorable impact on environmental emissions, according to the study. According to the findings, host nations should not only encourage tourism, but also guarantee that the environment is not harmed, therefore ecofriendly must be pushed to maintain a seamless and sustainable development process.

The research analyzes the mediational impact of creative self-efficacy through which Ecopreneurship impacts the behaviors of employees at work. The discretion behind the research is founded on using Bandura's social learning theory and a mediation model is presented to show the innovative effects of Ecopreneurship on employees’ Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) through the mediation of creative self-efficacy (CSE). The present research focuses on Innovation by developing a model that seeks to investigate the association among Ecopreneurship and Innovation Work Behavior in industrial SMEs of Pakistan for promoting the economic strength of the country. A framework has been developed comprising Creative Self-Efficacy as input. It is believed that unless SMEs emphasize Innovative Work Behavior, it is difficult to compete efficiently and gain higher economic returns. The nature of SME organizations is very dynamic, thus, particularly need to be innovative & creative to lead, nurture and compete in the industry. A questionnaire method has been used to collect the data; the unit of analysis is permanent workers from the industrial setups of SMEs in Pakistan. SPSS and AMOS have been used to analyze the data. The outcomes of the results show that Ecopreneurship stimuli Innovative Work Behavior via the mediation of CSE.