The current global transition from conventional fossil-fuel-based systems to green, sustainable, and renewable energy is realizing new challenges associated with device efficiencies. Among the green energy approaches available, efficient solar energy conversion into green chemical and electrical energy can ensure the upcoming demands of global future energy in an environmentally friendly and sustainable way. However, the sunlight energy cannot be utilized directly as a result of its intermittent and diffuse nature. This demands the development of efficient and economically viable technologies for its efficient conversion to an applicable source of energy. The practical realization of this dream on an industrial scale is still a longstanding challenge for researchers. Therefore, the scientists and technologists across the globe are in constant pursuit to develop/improve highly efficient, environmentally benign, and economically viable sustainable chemistry and engineering devices. At present, three technologies: (i) photoelectrochemical water splitting, (ii) photoreforming of plastic- or biomass-derived waste, and (iii) organic photovoltaics in the form of perovskite solar cells have emerged as the best for converting the sunlight energy into organic valuables and “green” H2 fuel or electricity. In this review, we will focus on introducing the basic principles, mechanistic insights, recent trends, and future prospects for solar to green energy using these technologies.
The Holy Quran is such a book of rectitude and instructions which has immersed itself the complete intellect for human welfare. In fact, it includes all types of matter whether dry or moist. There is no aspect or turn of human life, which has not been provided complete guidance to the human beings at every step. This also eliminates the doubts of human nature, removes the suspicions and the nonsense, protects from the predicament of self-made concepts, abolishes the human consideration from every type of uncertainties and guardsman from every kind of misleading, and guides him towards Allah Almighty, Who is the Lord and Master of all creatures. But the condition is that the man should seek guidance from Allah Almighty and may display obedience. At present, a major part of the Muslim Ummah is a victim of disintegration and differences. The efforts being carried out in the name of religious meditation are not for the preaching of Islam but is being wasted in the debate of Islam and infidelity among their own ranks. The religion of Islam, which is the preacher of human equality and unity, has become a source of promoting disintegration through deplorable efforts. Now the issue has gone beyond arguments and disputation, as no member of the Muslim Ummah is ready to listen to the other's opinion. A series of non-stop indiscriminate killings and bloodshed has initiated, and bonfires of hatred have been inflamed on the name of Islam, which is the key to affection, brotherhood, and unity of the Ummah. The reason for this prevailing situation is due to the evading from the teachings of the Holy Quran and relating this achievement of benevolence to the Holy Quran. The Holy Quran is being considered as the book of guidance only to the extent of text, but help regarding the corporeal and life after death is sought from the sources which are against the Holy Quran's teachings and guidance. Before any ceremony or sermon, the verses of the Holy Quran are being recited, but then whatever is spoken or presented is entirely considered the spirit of the Holy Quran. The heaps of hatred and animosity are raised. If we follow the principles of the unity for Muslim Ummah provided by the Holy Quran and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) the existing situation can entirely change.
Consociational federalism has been regarded a viable solution for such plural societies where the segments of a society are geographically concentrated. But contrary to conventional wisdom, the consociational arrangements seem irrelevant to the Pakistani case. The absence of consociational features in the Pakistani federation does not contribute in the rise and fall of ethnic conflict. Equally, the evidence shows that it is the centralisation of political power that limits the capacity of Pakistani federation to manage ethnic diversity.
Purpose -In view of the paradox of soaring malnutrition prevalence in an agrarian economy like Pakistan, political and economic pundits are of the opinion that Pakistan may face acute shortage of food in future if its political managers do not take holistic approach to address the issue. The form of government system is one such dimension of this approach. Pakistan has witnessed different forms of government system. The purpose of this paper is to assess the food availability situation under different regimes in Pakistan since 1972. Design/methodology/approach -The paper uses log-lin growth model to make out if form of the government may affect the level of food availability in Pakistan. Findings -The data indicate lot of variations between different regimes. Over the years consistent and positive public policies for demographic management brought down the population growth rate. It was expected that positive demographic development coupled with supplementary policies will provide space to ensure sufficient food and standard nutrition to the people but this variable also could not contribute according to expectations. Prevailing inequity in society along with inconsistent policies and mismanagement of resources are generally quoted as the main reasons for this misfortune. However, the paper demonstrates that vertical power structure and absence of inclusive political system is an additional reason of continuing food deprivation in Pakistan. Research limitations/implications -For the purpose of this analysis the authors use the food balance sheet data of Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, and hence assume all limitations of this database. Practical implications -This paper points out another reason to have inclusive form of the government in Pakistan: to reduce food deprivation. Originality/value -This paper is the first of its kind to assess the availability of food to the citizens of Pakistan under different regimes.
A message of Seerat-un-Nabi is supremacy of humanity. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) verbally as well as practically ensured to respect mankind. Supremacy of humanity means that a man didn't cross the etiquettes in case of having appositive views as well as in war.It would be the respect of mankind that if he gives him respect without a chill as regarded him a man and treated him on the grounds of self-esteem as well as do cooperation with him. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has given orders to respect a man on the humanitarianism. He ensured to deal with respect of life under moral bondages. In a broader sense that no one will put views against the respect of mankind but practically many things will create the hurdles in this way. On those expectations which have been chosen and taught by the Prophet of Allah to give respect to mankind are the key elements towards the supremacy of humanity. The savior of mankind Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has given the basic steps which create the respect for mankind, in which prominent things are as follows.
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