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The study examines both general and Internet and Communication Technology (ICT) self-efficacy in cyber-victims, cyber-bullies, and cyber bully victims in comparison to un-involved students. Gender differences were also examined. A total of 1115 Pakistani university students from six universities participated in the study. Analyses were conducted on 950 complete cases (371 males, and 579 females). Data were collected on cyberbullying/victimization, general self-efficacy (GSE), ICT self-efficacy, traditional bullying/victimization, ICT usage, social desirability, and demographics. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that ICT self-efficacy significantly decreased the probability of being a cyber-victim and significantly increased the chances of being a cyber-bully whereas GSE appeared to have no role in predicting participant roles in cyberbullying after controlling for covariates (i.e., age, gender, traditional bullying, traditional victimization, social desirability, Internet usage, time spent on the Internet, and social networking sites (SNS). Findings of the study have important implications for developing and enhancing interventions with respect to the inclusion of ICT related skills in anti-cyberbullying programs. With respect to gender, findings showed that females reported a higher level of victimization while males reported higher perpetration on both traditional and cyberbullying.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the ICT Self-Efficacy Scale and the association of cyberbullying and victimization with ICT self-efficacy. Sample 1 (436 university students) was used to identify the factor structure of the Scale, and sample 2 (1115 university students) provided the data to confirm the factor structure (CFA), and to compute the internal consistency reliability, and convergent validity of the scale. Findings demonstrate that the new scale is a reliable and valid domain-specific measure to assess ICT Self-Efficacy for university students. Suggestions for further research with the scale are provided.

This study examines the relationship between work-family interface and job performance. Furthermore, it focuses on the moderating role of conscientiousness, agreeableness, and the relationship between work-family interface (inter-role conflict and inter-role integration) and job performance. A purposive sample of 345 residents of Karachi consisting of 173 males and 172 females, belonging to double income families and employed in various factories, participated in the study. Data were collected using the Work-Family Interface Scale, the Job Performance Scale, and two personality dimensions of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (Conscientiousness and Agreeableness). Multiple regression analysis results indicated that the inter-role conflict dimension of work-family interface and agreeableness dimension of personality were significantly negatively associated with job performance. Conscientiousness and agreeableness significantly moderated inter-role integration and job performance, whereas no evidence was found of them having a moderating role in inter-role conflict and job performance. This research contributes towards an understanding of the role of positive dispositional attributes moderating between both aspects of work-family interface and job performance.