In Indonesia, waste processing is a very complicated problem especially in major industries such as the cement industry. Demand for cement in Indonesia is very high and recorded to reach 69.8 million tons in 2015. Indocement, the 2nd largest cement manufacturer in Indonesia, reported that in 2015 the demand for cement reached 13.32 million tons of clinker and is projected to rise by an average of 2.61% per year. Higher demand for cement results in higher energy required which leads to higher use of solid fuels (coal). Municipal solid waste (MSW) can be used as refuse-derived fuel (RDF) using advanced pre-treatment. Pre-treatment is a way to set aside MSW material that cannot be used as energy such as glass, metal, chunks and other materials. In addition, it also serves as technology to reduce moisture content in waste. This study evaluated the potential of RDF as solid fuel in the Cement Industry. Two scenarios were tested to forecast RDF potential from 2015 to 2050 (35 years). The scenarios concerned Indonesia's regulations on 3R Program, MSW level of service, and variables of the waste composition. Since Indocement is located in Kabupaten (District) Bogor, Indonesia, the source of RDF is also generated in the area. Kabupaten Bogor produced MSW amounting to 1,787 tons/day in 2015, and each year it will increase along with the increasing growth of population. In 2015, the energy required to produce 12.62 million tons of clinker amounted to 9.87 billion Mcal, whereas the available energy from RDF was 1.15 billion Mcal. After the year 2050, the energy required is projected to reach 34.51 billion Mcal to produce 25 million tons of clinker, while RDF energy available for that year will only be 1.73 billion McCall, so it is necessary to close the coal in the energy shortage. RDF energy generated in Kabupaten Bogor only meets 3-6% of the energy required per year by the cement industry. It can be concluded that the use of RDF as fuel is not sufficient to cover the needs of energy in the cement industry. The need for supply in other cities in the form of MSW itself and/or solid waste meets the supply of energy in the cement industry. Receiving RDF from neighboring towns or setting up cooperation with nearby factories to process RDF can be a solution for energy shortage in the supply of RDF in Bogor.Keywords-municipal solid waste; refuse-derived fuel; waste to energy; cement industry.
Many Indonesian landfills include the waste that has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel in the cement industry. It is converted into RDF to enable cement manufacturers to use waste. The research was conducted to know the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) potential of 3 landfills (Bantargebang, Sumur Batu, and Cipayung) as a renewable fuel. Before processing, MSW is characterised because there are quality standards that the waste must meet before being used as fuel. That is a quantitative study combining a literature review and laboratory test methods. The parameters that have been measured from the three sample sites were water content, ash content, volatile level, and calorific value. The results showed that the total energy value acquired from Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) resources of Bantargebang, Sumur Batu, and Cipayung landfills was 2742.14, 2741.24, and 2671.32 kcal/kg, respectively. In addition, based on the water content at the three sample locations, only rubber samples qualified for RDF processing. In contrast, rubber was the sole component that did not match the processing conditions to become RDF based on ash content. Furthermore, the volatile level of the three research sites meets the RDF standard.
As the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta had a population of 10.2 million in 2015 that generated 6200 metric tonnes (Mt) day−1 of municipal waste in the 2017–2019 period. In the composition of the waste, as much as 9% is contributed by the commercial sector. This research focuses on five shopping areas in Jakarta (commercial areas (CAs)). The five CAs produce 110 Mt of waste per day and 79% of them are disposed of in landfills. 95% of the waste is a combustible fraction which can be used as an alternative fuel by the cement industry because the fraction has a low heating value of around 24 MJ kg−1. It is estimated that in one year, the CAs can produce about 34,500 Mt of alternative fuel with 820 TJ of energy. Approximately, the resulting energy savings are 2.6% which is equal to approximately 35,500 Mt of coal. In addition, the utilization of alternative fuel can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.7% or 50,000 Mt.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.