Medicinal plants are gaining popularity over synthetic medicines because antibiotic resistance demands the alternative source of medication. In the present research, the crude protein extraction of 4 medicinal plants Cassia fistula, Saccharum officinarum, Albizia lebbeck and Cymbopogon citrates was carried out. Crude protein extraction was done by 2 different buffers i.e. Tris NaCl buffer and PBS buffer. Protein confirmation was done by Bradford assay in the spectrophotometer. Antibacterial potential was checked and compared against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis. Antibacterial assay was performed by disc diffusion method, agar well method and zones of inhibition were calculated. The study results indicated that Tris NaCl extracts’ antimicrobial potential is higher than that of the PBS buffer. On disc diffusion method the Tris NaCl buffer extracts of Cymbopogon citrates showed maximum zone of inhibition 11 mm and 9 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus respectively and control chloramphenicol showed maximum zone of inhibition 26 mm against Bacillus subtilis. Cassia fistula showed maximum zone of inhibition of 7 mm against Bacillus cereus while Saccharum officinarum and Albizia lebbeck didn’t show the any antibacterial activity. On the other hand, Protein extracts from PBS buffer didn’t show zone of inhibition against any bacteria. Only Albizia lebbeck showed minute zone of inhibition against Neisseria gonorrhea. On well diffusion method, Cassia fistula Tris NaCl protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 20 mm and 18 mm against Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis respectively. While Albizia lebbeck PBS protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 19 mm and 17 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. The results revealed that the protein extract of Albizia lebbeck, Cymbopogon citrates and Cassia fistula can be used tosynthesize antimicrobial drugs to treat the bacterial infections.
Nature has provided plants with their own specific defence system that protect the plant from several traumatic conditions. These include environmental conditions like drought, harsh climate changes, wounding, pathogen attack and other biological as well as a biological stress. In order to deal with all these harmful occurrences, plants synthesize a wide range of defence factors that include both primary as well as secondary metabolites. Out of these the most popular are the defence proteins which are known as antimicrobial peptides (AMP). These AMPs are actually the pathogenesis-related (PR) defence proteins. These proteins are activated under the control of defence system of plant whenever triggered by the alarming situation. In the current study Crude protein extraction of four medicinally important plants named as Cassia fistula, Albizia lebbeck, Saccharum officinarum & Cymbopogon citratus was performen. Extraction was done in TrisNaCl and PBS buffer. Quantification of the protein content in the extract was done by Bradford assay. Concentration of protein from TrisNaCl buffer extracts was high as compared to the extracts from PBS buffer. As these proteins play their protective role in defence of the plants against pathogen attack so these extracts can better be used to check the antimicrobial activity of these plants in future to treat several infectious diseases in humans.
Objective: As most of the drugs disintegrate and dissolve in stomach before reaching the target site and to substitute intravenous (IV) route based chrono modulated chemotherapy, oral colon target drug delivery system was formed. The aim of this study was to design, develop, and evaluate a colon targeted tablet containing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) to give a controlled release effect of drug for colonic cancer with a goal to increase the bioavailability and improve the patient compliance. Methods: Varied concentration of different polymers such as Xanthan gum and Eudragit were used to get an optimized formulation of 5-FU tablet. The prepared formulation was evaluated for pre compression and post compression parameters such as hardness, weight, friability and drug content uniformity. The optimized formulation was further evaluated by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), in-vitro dissolution studies, dissolution kinetic modeling and stability analysis. Results: All pre-formulation tests were within range of USP standards. Friability of all tablets was satisfied. The interference of the polymers was ruled out by FTIR. In-vitro release studies of 5-FU tablets in phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 were performed using a modified diffusion cell that resulted sustained release (90.99% to 92.69% after 12h) and kinetic models depicted the combined diffusion and dissolution mechanism of release. The optimized tablets were found having only physical interactions based on DSC. The product was found stable when evaluated using accelerated stability studies. Conclusion: It was concluded from the studies that the colon target tablet of 5-FU prepared by different concentration of polymers were optimized and can be efficiently used to control the rate of drug release to the colon in the belief of improved therapeutic efficacy and tolerability. Therefore, it is a better alternative for intravenous route based chrono modulated chemotherapy.
In the relatively new but fast-evolving field of nanomedicine and nanotransport systems, different nanoscale molecules are used to deliver therapeutic agents to precisely targeted sites or potentially function as diagnostic tools. In present review provides up-to-date accurate information on the latest advancements in nanomedicine and nanotechnology DDS through a complete review of nanomaterials discoveries. The potential and difficulties of using nanomedicine to deliver medications from synthetic or natural sources to their intended clinical purposes are also covered. Additionally, we have exclusive data on perspectives and trends in nanomedicine.
Objectives: The present investigation is concerned with formulation and evaluation of bioadhesive buccal tabletscontaining antidiabetic drug, Glimepiride to circumvent the first pass effect and to improve its bioavailability because bioadhesion has shown renewed interest for prolonging the residence time of bioadhesive dosage forms through various mucosal routes in drug delivery applications. Bioadhesive-based topical and local systems have shown enhanced bioavailability. Bioadhesive drug delivery gives rapid absorption and good bioavailability due to itsconsiderable surface area and high blood flow. Drug delivery across the mucosa bypasses the first-pass hepaticmetabolism and avoiding the degradation of gastrointestinal enzymes and with reduction in dosing frequency and dose related side effects. Methods: The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Six formulations weredeveloped with varying concentrations of polymers like sodium alginate, PVP and magnesium stearate. The tabletswere tested for weight variation, hardness, surface pH, drug content uniformity, percentage swelling index,bioadhesive strength, ex-vivo residence time in-vitro drug dissolution study, in-vitro drug release kinetic study, exvivo permeation study and Stability study. Results: FTIR studies showed no evidence on interactions between drug, polymers, and excipients. The surface pH, bioadhesive strength was found to be 6.22, 16g and, respectively. The formulation containing 4 mg of Glimepiride exhibited 6 h sustained drug release i.e. 93.98±0.8% with desiredtherapeutic concentration. The drug permeation from the formulation was slow and steady and 3.56 mg of Glimepiride could permeate through sheep buccal membrane with a flux of 0.27 mg hr-1 cm-2. The in-vitro release kinetics studies reveal that the formulation fits well with zero order kinetics. Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the formulation was suitable for all the evaluation parameters and can be permeated through human buccal mucosa.
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