King oyster (Pleurotus eryngii) mushroom is a palatable mushroom with high commercial potential due to relative ease of its growing technology, less cost of production and better yield potential, making it popular throughout the world. Therefore, an experiment was set up to assess the efficacy of different agro-wastes [cotton waste (CW) and fenugreek straw (FS)] on the morphology, yield and nutritional components of two strains (Pleurotus eryngii P9 strain and Pleurotus eryngii P10 strain) of Pleurotus eryngii. Studied indicators regarding time for pinhead formation, fruiting body development, biological efficiency and yield of both strains were significantly affected by different formulations of substrates. Substrates with 100 % CW exhibited maximum number of pinheads, yield and biological efficiency for both strains of king oyster as compared to other substrates alone or in mixture. This experiment indicates the possibility of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation on cotton waste and fenugreek straw in controlled conditions for enhanced growth and yield.
Drought stress is one of the foremost abiotic stresses which causes damage to verbena plant production by affecting its growth and development. There is less information available regarding utilization of perennial verbena under drought conditions. To check the ability of perennial verbena plant under water deficit conditions a pot research trial was planned. Perennial verbena's seeds were sown in plastic trays and applied water daily. When seedlings attained two to three leaves stage then transplanted them into pots and exposed to different intervals of drought. Five drought intervals were applied such as after one day (T0), 4 days (T1), 6 days (T2), 8 days (T3) and 10 days (T4) irrigation intervals. Pots were arranged by adopting completely randomized design with four replications. Many morphological i.e. plant height (cm), root length (cm), number of leaves and flowers/plant, fresh weight of shoot and root (g), dry weight of shoot and root (g) and chemical attributes i.e. chlorophyll "a", "b" and total contents of chlorophyll were examined during this study. The findings exhibited that perennial verbena plant performed best under control conditions while when we increased drought interval gradually from 4 days' interval till 10 days' interval it affected all growth and chemical attributes badly and caused severe damage at 10 days' interval.
Among edible mushrooms, Pleurotus eryngii is unique due to its flavor, admirable medicinal and nutritional profiling. Pakistan is an agricultural country diverse in various crops. However, the residues of the horticultural and agronomic crops are wasted without utilization in the food chain. Hence, a study was performed to assess the performance of relatively low-cost, easily available crops residues i.e. cotton, rice, wheat, mustard and water chestnut for yield and nutrition enhancement of Pleurotus eryngii strains P9 (China) and P10 (PSU-USA). The results revealed that morphological attributes i.e. mycelium run, fruit development, yield and biological efficiency were significantly higher by using cotton waste as compared to other substrates. Regarding biochemical attributes i.e. total soluble solids (12.67 °Brix), phenolics (259.6 mg/100g), moisture (92.3%) and ascorbic acid contents (2.9 mg/100ml) were also significantly higher by using cotton waste. Whereas, acidity (0.30%), reducing sugar (7.67%), non-reducing (4.33%) and total sugars contents (12%) were found highest by using mustard straw. Nutrient analysis of substrates showed that nutrient levels were increased after harvesting of crop as compared to before harvesting levels. Overall results revealed that cotton waste and mustard straw are promising substrates for Pleurotus eryngii better growth and have potential in yield and nutrition enhancement. Moreover, P10 strain performed better as compared to P9.
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