Malathion is considered one of the vastest pesticides use all over the world. Malathion-inhalation toxicity commonly occurred in many occupational farmers. Therefore, this study aimed to ameliorate the possible malathion-induced pulmonary toxicity through thymoquinone administration. Forty animals were used to conduct our study, divided into five groups; G1 control group, G2 thymoquinone (50 mg/kg) group, G3 malathion group (animals inhaled 100 mg/ml/m3 for 15 min for 5 days/week for three weeks), G4 and G5 were subjected to the same malathion inhalation protocol beside oral thymoquinone administration at doses of 25 and 50 (mg/kg), respectively. Malathion-inhalation induced marked systemic toxicity as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with increased serum hepatic and renal enzymes, and hypersensitivity accompanied with increased total IgE serum level. The lung showed severe interstitial pneumonia associated with severe vascular damage and marked eosinophil infiltration. Moreover, the lung showed a marked decrease in the pulmonary surfactant protein, especially SP-D gene expression. While, thymoquinone treatment to malathion-inhaled animals decremented the following; hepatic enzymes and renal function tests, total IgE as well as pneumonia and hypersensitivity pathological features, and augmented the expression of SP-D. In conclusion, thymoquinone could be potentially used in pest control workers to ameliorate the systemic and pulmonary intoxication caused by one of the most field-used pesticides.
Key words:Lead toxicity, apoptosis, male rat, testis, garlic Lead is a highly prevalent heavy metal pollutant in human and animals which has various toxicological effects on the different organs including reproductive system on particular aspect the male testis. Lead (Pb) exposure enhances the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which negatively affect testis structure and functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of garlic supplement on daily basis and its prophylactic possibility against lead acetate induced testicular dysfunction. Thirty two adult male rats were divided to four groups, eight animals per each. All animals were maintained under standard laboratory conditions with free access to suitable diet and water supply. The 1 st group was supplied with water and diet and kept without further treatment as a negative control. The 2 nd group was treated by lead acetate( 50mg/L) daily in drinking water as a positive control. The 3 rd group was administered commercial garlic powder preparation only (200 mg/kg b.w.) by stomach tube. The 4 th group was co-treated with lead acetate in drinking water plus garlic in same doses by stomach tube. Then, all animals were scarified after 42 days for clean excision of epididymis and testes. Semen was collected and analyzed for count, motility and viability. Testicular tissues sections were prepared, stained and examined. Oxidative stress markers, SOD and MDA were determined in testicular tissue homogenate. Immunostaining was carried out on sections of testicular tissue for detection of proapoptotic markers caspase-3 and Bax expression. Finally, the level of expression of Bcl-2 and p53 genes was measured in testicular tissue samples as well. The data summary obtained from co treated group signified the protective effect of garlic against potential lead acetate induced undesired testicular apoptosis.
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