Biomedical Applications of Biomedical Applications of Chasmanthera dependens stem extract mediated stem extract mediated silver nanoparticles as Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticoagulant, thrombolytic, silver nanoparticles as Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticoagulant, thrombolytic, and Larvicidal agents and Larvicidal agents

Background: Black soap is a medicinal product that could be harnessed for economic purpose if properly packaged, and misconception about its traditional use by herbalists is thrown overboard.Aims: To promote the relevance of these soaps for economic development, this study compared the antibacterial activity of black soaps with medicated soaps widely used against bacterial infections.Methods: The antibacterial activities of these soap samples were determined by agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods.Results: In this study, the statistical analysis of the inhibition zones showed that black soaps were significantly (p < 0.05) more active than medicated soaps used against the test bacterial isolates. The black soaps inhibited and killed the isolates better than the medicated soaps at the different concentrations used. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis ranged between 0.125 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, Staphylococcus aureus (0.25–4) mg/mL, Escherichia coli (0.125–4) mg/mL and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1–4) mg/mL. The result showed that K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis were the most susceptible, followed by E. faecalis > E. coli > S. aureus > P. aeruginosa.Conclusion: As a valuable medicinal output derivable from organic waste product that could be converted to wealth, African black soap production, utilisation and commercialisation have tremendous economic potentials. These soaps showed significant antibacterial activity greater than those of the medicated soaps. Hence, their use could be a better option in place of commercially available medicated and antiseptic soaps because of the degree of antibacterial activities they exhibited.

Carica papaya seed extract (CPE) was used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in this study. For the characterization of biosynthesized particles, UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, FESEM and EDX were used. Antimicrobial and larvicidal efficacies of the synthesized AgNPs were assessed in the fight against certain pathogens and the Aedes aegypti 4th instar larvae. The absorption spectrum of AgNPs peaked at 433 nm with a broad peak of 3000 to 3800 cm−1 for different functional groups as presented in the FTIR analysis. A FESEM evaluation revealed a number of spherical particle structures with an average of 20-69 nm. With zones of inhibition between 10-24 mm, the AgNPs synthesized inhibited selected microorganisms. After 12 h of exposure, the nanoparticles had LC50 and LC90 lethal concentration on the Aedes aegypti larva at 14.56 and 33.89 μg/ml respectively. This study demonstrates possibility of using Carica papaya seeds in AgNPs synthesis.

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