Potential of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC), as green reinforcing filler, has been evaluated for the preparation of natural rubber (NR) composites. CNC is derived from a natural source (ramie fiber) and its surface is modified with different organosilanes to strengthen the rubber‐filler interaction at the interface. It is found that, although at 2.5 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber) loading of CNC the mechanical property of the NR composites is improved, it deteriorates at 5 phr loading. Surface modification of CNC by organosilanes is found very useful to overcome this issue. The modulus values at low strain become almost 1.5 to 2 times higher while tensile strength becomes 2.5 times higher for the modified CNC filled composites relative to those of CNC filled composites at 5 phr loading. These results are corroborated with a morphological study, where a very good state of dispersion of CNC particles is found in the surface‐modified CNC filled composites. Moreover, the particle size of CNC becomes almost half, in respect to that of unmodified CNC particles, upon surface modification by organosilane. The reinforcement effect delivered by CNC and surface‐modified CNC is also reflected by a small positive shift in Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) in differential scanning calorimetry study.
Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome and Sturge–Weber syndrome are rare disorders with neurologic and cutaneous signs of vascular origin. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis represents the association of widespread, aberrant, and persistent nevus flammeus and pigmentary abnormalities. We describe a case with features suggestive of overlap between them. A ten-month-old boy presented with seizures, developmental delay, skin lesions on face, trunk and legs, buphthalmos and right lower limb hypertrophy. CT scan of head showed atrophy of brain and calcification. Our case had overlap of Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome and Sturge–Weber syndrome with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis
Materials
such as cellulose and its derivatives are attracting
growing attention worldwide to recognize their potential in responding
to increasingly complex technological requirements. The rising demand
for multifunctional materials may be fulfilled with controllable functionalities
by using self-assembling techniques. Photonic stimuli-responsive materials
based on cellulose can shift color reversibly when responding to external
inputs. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are biorenewable materials that
self-assemble themselves into a chiral nematic ordering exhibiting
iridescent colors. The CNCs display unique optical features in response
to environmental stimuli due to the structural coloration mechanism.
This review summarizes the CNC-based multisensing photonic structures
in response to external dopants. The inclusion of functional polymers,
small molecules, or other optically active components into CNC precursors
can enhance and stabilize their uniformity, allowing better stimuli
interaction with the CNCs. This review reveals that cellulose-based
nanomaterials are a potential candidate for designing advanced functional
photonics materials in diverse applications for smart textiles, intelligent
packaging, security coding, photonic papers, humidity sensors, etc.,
with some limitations to overcome.
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