Background: During COVID 19 pandemic many countries implied nationwide lockdown which affected academic and educational activities of medical students. We evaluated the level of depression, anxiety and stress among first MBBS students of Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh. Aims and Objective: To estimate the level of depression, anxiety and stress among first MBBS students during COVID-19 pandemic and study its relationship with gender. Materials and Methods: A standard questionnaire DASS 21 (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale) was administered to 110 first MBBS of Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh. The responses were collected via Google form and scores evaluated. Results: The overall score for depression was 10.44±5.1, 10.94±5 for anxiety and 12.29±5.3 for stress. About 58 % participants had depression, 74% had anxiety & 32 % had stress in various grades of severity. Depression, anxiety & stress was more among females as compared to males (p<0.05). There was strong correlation among the scores of Depression, Anxiety & Stress among the participants (r >0.8). Conclusion: During this COVID-19 pandemic higher scores of depression, anxiety & stress were recorded among the first year MBBS students; females having more scores than male students. This study highlights the importance of and need for routine screening of depression, anxiety and stress among medical students.
Background: With digitization the e-learning modalities are being increasingly used by medical students. These often help the first MBBS students to overcome limitations of conventional teaching methods like didactic lectures. However, e-learning is not official part of medical education in India and the awareness about its use among medical students need to be evaluated. Aim and objective of the study was to assess the extent to which MBBS first year students use e-resources for learning as well as to assess knowledge, attitude, skills and habits of first MBBS students towards e-learning.Methods: A questionnaire of twenty five questions on various aspects of e-learning was administered to the first MBBS students at two medical colleges. The data generated from responses was compiled and analyzed on SPSS to get insight on various aspects of e-learning.Results: Out of 236 students surveyed 77.97% were aware about the academic websites related to first MBBS subjects. 90.68 % accepted that e-learning helped in understanding topics, 84.32% recommended conventional teaching to be supplemented with e-learning. However there was no statistically significant difference between responses from two groups i.e. female and male students (p>0.05).Conclusions: The majority of first MBBS students use e-resources for learning various topics in anatomy, physiology and biochemistry. The e-resources have made a positive impact on overall learning especially anatomy. e-learning can supplement conventional teaching in the first year of medical training.
Introduction: Cleft hand or Ectrodactyly or Split Hand is a rare form of congenital hand disorder in which there is deficiancy of one or more central rays of the hand. The hand presents with a V-shaped gap situated in the centre of the palm. The condition may occur alone or maybe associated with anomalies of foot, syndactly, polydactyly, triphalangeal thumb, transverse bones in the hand or maybe part of Ectrodactyly Ectodermal dysplasia Cleft (ECC) Syndrome. Aims and Objectives: To find out the sex ratio and incidence of laterality (unilateral or bilateral) of cleft hand in North East population of Assam. Subjects and Methods: This study included 31 children between age group of 3 years to 8 years with hand deformities who were brought to the Plastic Surgery Department, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati for aesthetic correction within a time span of 2 years. Only those cases who had central defects of hand were included & those with other syndromic anomalies were excluded. For this detailed clinical and radiological examination was done to evaluate the extent of bone or tissue involvement and to find out any syndromic association of the condition. Results: Out of 31 cases, 10 cases were had Unilateral and 21 cases had Bilateral Cleft Hands. It was seen that out of 31 cases, 22 were males and only 09 were females indicating that male to female ratio of the deformity is 2.44 .Thus, males were more affected than females. Conclusion: Most of the cases presented with absence of the middle finger and central tissue of the affected hand since birth. The embryological basis has been highlighted to throw light into such a catastrophe where both males and females were affected and showed unilateral or bilateral involvement of the hand leading to cosmetic and functional debility. Therefore, the study revealed that males were more affected than females and bilateral involvement of the hands were common than unilateral involvement.
Title: The Role Of Serum Electrolyte Level In Stroke Prognosis. Abstract: Background and introduction: Acute stroke is one of the common medical emergencies in India that contribute to mortality as well as morbidity. NIHSS scale is still the best clinical conglomerate for initial evaluation of stroke, while Modified Rankin scale performed at 3 months is a simple scale to gauge long-term neurological deficit. Hyponatremia is a common accompanying electrolyte disturbance with short as well as long-term implications in stroke. Aim and objectives: With this background, a study with the following objectives was planned: 1. To estimate the incidence of electrolyte disturbance in acute ischemic stroke, 2. To determine the association of electrolyte disturbances with clinical assessment scales like NIHSS scale, ASPECT score, and MRS-3-month score. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on forty-five patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke diagnosed on imaging studies and evaluated for electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-). Results: 55% patients had some or other electrolyte disturbance, hyponatremia(33%) being the most common, while hyperchloremia(15%) was the second. The NIHSS score showed better correlation with MRS score than ASPECT score or electrolyte disturbances. Conclusion: Hyponatremia was found to be the most common electrolyte disturbance in acute ischemic stroke. This study attempted to underscore the role of electrolyte disturbance in the prognostication of acute stroke. As electrolyte measurement is feasible in low resource settings; its relevance and utility are even more pronounced. Key words: Stroke, NIHSS, MRS-3, Hyponatremia, Serum electrolytes.
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