Article original Activation of latent buds and use of banana stem fragments for the in vivo mass propagation of seedlings. Abstract-Introduction. In vitro multiplication techniques are not adapted to banana growers. Moreover, the use of in vivo seedbed techniques makes it possible to increase the rate of banana multiplication in the field, but it presents the risk of multiplying contaminated materials and losing many buds present on the mother plant. To mitigate these problems, the CARBAP (Cameroon) have developed a new technique for in vivo mass multiplication, the technique of the "seedlings resulting from stem fragments" (PIF), which allows the activation of latent buds and the quick production of large quantities of healthy plantation materials in soil-less culture conditions. Materials and methods. Activation of latent buds was tested during a first experiment. Explants provided with only one bud were taken from banana shoots of three plantain (AAB) varieties and a banana (AAA) variety, then they were cultured in a germinator. A second experiment tested banana proliferation capacities. Explants with several buds, obtained from small suckers of 'Grande Naine' (AAA) and from four plantain (AAB) cultivars, were taken, then incised across before being put in a germinator. The time necessary for the appearance of the first shoots, rate of bud burstings, number of formed and separated shoots, and time for the shoot formation until the seedling isolation were measured. Results. At the end of the first experiment, buds recovered 80 d after the explant culture were (4 to 15) times as numerous as the number of mother plants used. However, this number varied with the variety, the physiological stage and the initial quality of the material. It was the same for the response time, ranging between (3 and 4) weeks, and for the rate of bud burstings. At the end of the second experiment, the average proliferation rates were (10 to 20) shoots per explant, obtained in (30 to 40) d with (60 to 70)% of plantain explants. During the same period, a maximum of 25 shoots per explant was observed with 'Bâtard' while 'French Clair' could produce between (28 and 36) shoots per explant in 13% of the cases. Conclusion. The PIF technique allows the in vivo induction of an active bud proliferation on banana stem fragments under particular conditions of temperature and hygrometry and without hormone addition. It is easily usable by growers. Cameroon / Musa (bananas) / Musa (plantains) / plant propagation / micropropagation / meristem culture / soilless culture / shoots Activation de bourgeons latents et utilisation de fragments de tige du bananier pour la propagation en masse de plants en conditions horticoles in vivo. Résumé-Introduction. Les techniques de multiplication in vitro de bananiers ne sont pas adaptées aux paysans. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de techniques de pépinière in vivo permet d'augmenter le taux de multiplication des bananiers au champ, mais elle présente le risque de multiplier du matériel contaminé et de perdre de nombr...
The food security challenges faced by populations in sub-Saharan Africa and the fact that extensive production systems are reaching their limits in the food-producing agricultural chain have increased the need to accelerate technological innovation toward the ecological intensification of agricultural production systems. Here, a review of the research conducted on plantain bananas (Musa paradisiaca) in Cameroon since 1988 revealed how institutional innovation has enabled the hybridization of different research forms- such as fundamental, systems, and action research-and reinforced the organizational innovation required for technical change. We found that impact evaluation underlined the complementarity between the increases in productivity and income in rural areas, as well as the production of human and social capital and the protection of forest resources. (Résumé d'auteur
Plantain is considered as a major staple food in Central and Western Africa with a production estimated at approximately 8 million tons (Lescot, 2007). But almost all small producers do not have access yet or do not use the innovations from research, and yields are thus very low. CARBAP (African Research Centre on Banana and Plantain) is a novel example of a regional research partnership for plantains and bananas across Western and Central Africa and particularly Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria. It links researchers, creates novel platforms, undertakes training and disseminates materials. It encourages mass propagation by farmers - after training, some 10 million new disease-resistant plants were spread to farms over two years. (Résumé d'auteur
Centre technique de coopération agricole et rurale (CTA) est une institution internationale conjointe des États du groupe ACP (Afrique, Caraïbes, Pacifique) et de l'Union européenne (UE). La mission du CTA est de faire avancer la sécurité alimentaire, la résilience et la croissance économique inclusive en Afrique, dans les Caraïbes et dans le Pacifique par le biais d'innovations dans l'agriculture durable. Le CTA opère dans le cadre de l'Accord de Cotonou et est financé par l'UE. Pour plus d'information sur le CTA, consultez www.cta.int.
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