This study focuses on the casualty-load distribution problem that arises when a mass casualty incident (MCI) necessitates the engagement of multiple medical facilities. Employing discrete event simulations, the study analyzed different MCI response regimes in Lahore, Pakistan, that vary in terms of the level of casualty-load distribution and the required coordination between the incident site and the responding hospitals. Past terrorist attacks in this major metropolitan area were considered to set up experiments for comparing delays in treatment under the modeled regimes. The analysis highlights that the number of casualties that are allowed to queue up at the nearest hospital before diverting the casualty traffic to an alternate hospital can be an important factor in reducing the overall treatment delays. Prematurely diverting the casualty traffic from the incident site to an alternate hospital can increase the travel time, while a delay in diversion can overload the nearest hospital, which can lead to overall longer waiting times in the queue. The casualty distribution mechanisms based only on the responding hospitals' available capacity and current load can perform inefficiently because they overlook the trade-off between the times casualties spend in traveling and in queues.
PurposeThe objective of this research is to investigate the impact of offering product-linked services on the effectiveness of risk management and, subsequently, on financial performance.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation is based on an empirical analysis employing structural equation modeling (SEM) and cross-industry and multi-country survey data of 307 companies. The theorization is guided by the information processing theory (IPT).FindingsConsidering the basic and advanced classification of services, the analysis suggests that only the provision of advanced services influences the effectiveness of risk management. Specifically, the provision of advanced services strengthens the preventive dimension of risk management. Surprisingly, the analysis reveals a negative direct impact of preventive risk management on financial performance. Preventive risk management, however, indirectly enhances financial performance by supporting reactive risk management.Practical implicationsFor practitioners, the research suggests a positive impact of servitization in a long term rather than in form of instant financial benefits. The research attempts to highlight the specific role of supply chain risk management (SCRM) through which servitization has a positive impact on financial performance.Originality/valueAlthough there are assumptions about both reduction and increase in risk when manufacturers offer services, the extant literature lacks an empirical investigation on the association between servitization and the effectiveness of risk management. This study addresses the stated gap and offers novel insights into the role of SCRM in the performance consequences of servitization.
This case study provides an understanding of the channels through which orders at an online retail platform are fulfilled. Daraz.pk, the pioneering and leading e-commerce platform in Pakistan, started in 2012 as an online fashion retailer and evolved into a general marketplace for brands selling items ranging from electronics to home appliances to fashion. The case study is built around the decision regarding how to engage international brands in the wake of increasing local completion and the potential entry of some established international players. Highlighting the decision's implications on logistics (and vice versa), this case study exposes various important trade-offs between in-house inventory and vendormanaged inventory. Through the example of a sales-day event conducted by Daraz, this case study also brings to light various strains that logistics could potentially face because of demand hikes and the steps that could help in managing a situation like this. Keywords Online retail logistics, international sourcing, vendor managed inventory (VMI), supply chain monitoring, demand hikes Muneeb Mayer, the CEO and co-founder of Daraz.pk, Pakistan's leading online retail platform, had barely settled down in his office when he picked up the just-received 2015 operational performance report. On his way to the office, Muneeb had thought about operationalizing the decision to list international brands on Daraz.pk. He considered three options: first, to establish Daraz's own inventory of branded products via import; second, to ask brands to hire a distributor in Pakistan from whom Daraz could then source the products; and third, to request brands to enter Pakistan, import their inventory and then sell it through Daraz, without a distributor. The first option would put a financial burden on Daraz in terms of paying import duties and inventory cost, the second would add another player to the chain, whereas the third option might discourage the brands as they would have to set a foot and invest in a new market themselves. Skimming through the report, Muneeb noticed that the rates of late deliveries and returns because of quality issues had not reduced much since the previous report, which also made him
Requirements for equipment support services can vary significantly depending on the consequences of an equipment failure. A time-based service differentiation allows customers to choose different time limits within which a service can be provided. Focusing on service parts distribution, this paper investigates the effects of different service time limits and their fractions in overall demand on inventory, transportation and distribution network setup costs. An analytical model is presented for this investigation considering a hierarchical and a non-hierarchical organization of service parts stocking facilities.
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