The laminar flow and heat transfer across a triangular periodic array of heated cylinders are simulated computationally and analyzed. The study has been carried out at Reynolds number 10-100 for fluid volume fraction ranging from 0.7 to 0.99 and Prandtl number ranging from 0.7 to 50. The size of the wake region increases continuously with an increase in the Reynolds number for all values of fluid volume fraction. The recirculation bubble from the rear of a cylinder is reaching the front of the next cylinder in the same column of the periodic array for low values of free volume fraction, but this is not the case with the highest free volume fraction, i.e., 0.99. At high Reynolds number, the flow is separating early on the cylinder surfaces. The wake size at higher Reynolds number 75 and 100 for the lowest free volume fraction 0.7 is more in comparison with the wake size at free volume fraction 0.99, which is explained by plotting the location of flow separation against Reynolds number for both the extreme values of free volume fractions, i.e., 0.7 and 0.99. The isovorticity contours are concentrated in the vicinity of the cylinders on increasing the Reynolds number irrespective of free volume fraction and then convected downstream. On increasing free volume fraction, the friction and pressure drags in the array decrease. The increase in Reynolds number also results in the decrease in the values of the individual (friction and pressure drag coefficients) as well as total drag coefficients for all values of free volume fraction. At high values of Reynolds number, the emergence of carbuncle or thermal spike on isotherm near the cylinder's surface is observed where the value of the local Nusselt number is observed low. The heat transfer improves and the Nusselt number increases as the Reynolds number and/ or Prandtl number increases. On the contrary, heat transfer decreases as free volume fraction increases.
The effect of aiding and opposing buoyancy (−1 ≤ Ri ≤ 1) on flow and heat transfer across cylinders specifically arranged in an equilateral triangular array in a heat exchanger has not previously been studied. Periodic boundary condition in the transverse direction is imposed where porosity of the array ranges from 0.7 to 0.99. The influence of buoyancy and Prandtl number (1 and 50) on the flow structure and its effect on the overall heat transfer is thoroughly elucidated in the present work. The impact of aiding/opposing buoyancy on the thermal performance of the array is predominant at higher porosities. The average drag of the array of cylinders increases with an increase in the aiding buoyancy and decreases with an increase in opposing buoyancy with respect to forced convection. The porosity of the triangular array has an inverse relation with the average drag coefficient, barring few exceptions which are explained in detail in the present work. The heat exchange is assertively higher at opposing-buoyancy cases for all values of porosity and Prandtl number. The present results are in agreement with the available experimental/numerical studies.
Structured packings in reactors and separation processes
have an
extensive trait for process intensification such as enhancement in
mass and heat transport without having any substantial pressure drop
and can now successfully be produced by using additive manufacturing
methods such as 3D printing. Structured packings manufactured with
triply periodical minimum surfaces (TPMS) have good mixing properties
and enhanced thermal transport, but they do not have high surface
areas. In this work, we report a new type of hybrid TPMS structure
with high surface area while keeping good mixing properties. The new
shapes are made by generating solids on the boundaries of a 2D tessellation
of polygons over the TPMS surface. The new shapes have a higher surface
area than a TPMS and at the same time, a higher porosity. We have
evaluated the pressure drop and heat transfer properties of such structures
for Reynolds numbers 1–200 in 10 different solids. The results
indicate that pressure drop is dominated by porosity. Heat transfer
properties however depend also on available surface area and thus
are improved in the porous structures.
The flow of alumina-water nanofluid across heated circular tubes arranged in inline and staggered arrays in a heat exchanger has been studied. The thermophysical properties of the nanofluid are determined using Corcione correlations, which are based on several experiments. The nanoparticle diameter dp is between 10 and 50 nm, with particle volume fraction ϕ varying from 0.01 to 0.05 and Reynolds number Re ranging from 10 to 200. Heat transfer augmentation takes place when nanoparticle concentration is increased. Mean Nusselt number NuM is increased by 31% when ϕ is increased from 0.01 to 0.05 at Re = 200 and dp = 10 nm in an inline array and by 25% in a staggered array. The use of smaller nanoparticles significantly promotes the thermal performance of the heat exchange arrays; NuM is enhanced by 20% for the inline array and by 16% for the staggering array when dp decreases from 50 nm to 10 nm at Re = 200 and ϕ = 0.05. NuM of the staggering array of cylinders at Re = 200, dp = 10 nm and ϕ = 0.05 is 60% greater than NuM of an inline array of cylinders. Finally, correlations are derived for the calculation of NuM of inline as well as staggered arrays.
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