Most of the dental care in Saudi Arabia is provided by non-Saudi dentists in both private and public health sectors. With the rising unemployment rate among Saudi dentists, the governmental bodies that are responsible of dental labor market regulations such as the ministries of health, economy and planning, and labor should come up with a policy to gradually but carefully replace the non-Saudi dentists in both public and private sectors with Saudi dentists.

Often referred as Government to Citizen (G2C) egovernment services, many governments around the world are developing and utilizing ICT technologies to provide information and services to their citizens. In Saudi Arabia (KSA) egovernment projects have been identified as one of the top government priority areas. However, the adoption of egovernment is facing many challenges and barriers including technological, cultural, organizational which must be considered and treated carefully. This paper explores the key factors of user adoption of e-government services through empirical evidence gathered by survey of 460 Saudi citizens including IT department employees from different public sectors. Based on the analysis of data collected the researchers were able to identify some of the important barriers and challenges from these different perspectives. As a result, this study has generated a list of possible recommendations for the public sector and policymakers to move towards successful adoption of e-government services in Saudi Arabia.

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Periodontal inflammatory conditions are comparable among smokers and never-smokers with T2DM. Among controls, periodontal inflammation is worse among smokers than never-smokers.

Our analysis extends recent work by revealing specific benefits for instrumental activities of daily living for individuals in the early stages of AD and supports the value of exercise for individuals with cognitive impairment.

Abstract:As internet growth provides new communication pathways and transaction models, many countries are positioning to take advantage of the possibilities for effective and efficient provision of government services to their populations. E-government is a form of information system and requires not only appropriate infrastructure to deliver it but also a level of e-readiness within government and the population. The objective of this paper is to review the available literature about e-government implementation stages, its challenges and benefits. This paper gathers and consolidates several relevant issues regarding e-government such as the definitions of e-government and e-readiness, classification of implementation stages, advantages of e-government implementation and particularly focuses on the challenges of e-government implementation. Analysing a brief study of Saudi Arabia's developing e-government programme indicates that most of the issues raised in the literature are relevant. It is expected that this review will form a conceptual basis for a new wave of research into effective e-government acceptance and adoption.

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Among controls, periodontal inflammation was worse, and whole salivary IL-1β and IL-6 levels are higher in smokers than never-smokers. Among patients with prediabetes, periodontal inflammation and whole salivary IL-1β and IL-6 levels were comparable between smokers and never-smokers.