INTRODUCTION: Loss of smell and taste is now recognised as amongst the most common symptoms of COVID-19 and the best predictor of COVID-19 positivity. Long term outcomes are unknown. This study aims to investigate recovery of loss of smell and the prevalence of parosmia. METHODOLOGY: 6-month follow-up of respondents to an online surgery who self-reported loss of smell at the onset of the CO- VID-19 pandemic in the UK. Information of additional symptoms, recovery of loss of smell and the development of parosmia was collected. RESULTS: 44% of respondents reported at least one other ongoing symptom at 6 months, of which fatigue (n=106) was the most prevalent. There was a significant improvement in self-rating of severity of olfactory loss where 177 patients stated they had a normal smell of smell while 12 patients reported complete loss of smell. The prevalence of parosmia is 43.1% with median interval of 2.5 months (range 0-6) from the onset of loss of smell. CONCLUSIONS: While many patients recover quickly, some experience long-term deficits with no self-reported improvement at 6 months. Furthermore, there is a high prevalence of parosmia even in those who report at least some recovery of olfactory func- tion. Longer term evaluation of recovery is required.
Інтерлейкін 10 (ІЛ 10) та інтерферон гамма (ІФН γ) є важливими, відповідно, проти та прозапальними ци токінами, які можуть брати участь у патогенезі серцево судинних захворювань. Крім того, фактори навколиш нього середовища-такі, як рентгенівське випромінювання-здатні модулювати експресію цитокінів. Через те, що рентгенівське випромінювання використовується при ангіографії, ця процедура, можливо, змінює експресію цитокінів. Мета. Оцінити рівні ІЛ 10 та ІФН γ сироватки крові у пацієнтів із серцево судинними захворюваннями (у яких наявний або ж відсутній стеноз судин) порівняно зі здоровими контролями, а також ефекти ангіографії щодо вмісту цитокінів у сироватці крові. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження було проведено серед 80 учасників-по 20 випадків у кожній групі (здо рові контролі та особи із серцево судинними захворюваннями без стенозу судин, із стенозом 1 судини та сте нозом більш ніж 1 судини) для оцінки рівнів ІЛ 10 та ІФН γ у сироватці крові за допомогою методу імунофер ментного аналізу. Для з'ясування впливу процедури ангіографії на рівень ІЛ 10 та ІФН γ у сироватці крові, вміст обох цитокінів також порівнювали у групах 2, 3 та 4 до та після ангіографічного дослідження. Результати. Рівень ІЛ 10, але не ІФН γ, у сироватці крові здорових осіб групи контролю був більшим, ніж у всіх пацієнтів із серцево судинними захворюваннями. Рівень ІЛ 10 та ІФН γ у сироватці крові не змінювався після ангіографії, а також не відрізнявся у курців та осіб, які не курять, так само як і у споживачів опію та осіб, які опій не вживають. Висновки. Завдяки результатам можна зробити висновок, що ІЛ 10 можна ймовірно вважати інгібітором сер цево судинних захворювань, незалежно від тривалості ангіографії та рентгенографії, в той час як ІФН γ не про являє ефектів у іранських пацієнтів, які страждають на серцево судинні захворювання. Ключові слова: ангіографія, рентгенографія, ІЛ 10, ІФН γ.
Article InfoBackground: Health concerns are among the major concerns of the staff dealing with infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. This study aimed to examine health anxiety (HA) in the healthcare workers (HCWs) of COVID-19 patients from March to May 2020. Material and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive study consisted of all 101 HCWs of COVID-19 patients at Ali ibn-Abi Talib Hospital in the Rafsanjan County, who were invited to help with this survey using the census sampling method. They completed the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the independent t-test. Results: A total of 39 (38.6%) of the participants witnessed the death of COVID-19 patients. Out of the 101 staff, 72.3% suffered from mild anxiety, 24.8% from moderate anxiety, and 3% from health anxiety. The mean score of health anxiety was significantly higher in male participants (p= 0.040) and also in those who witnessed the death of COVID-19 patients (p= 0.036). There was a significant negative correlation between health anxiety and work experience (p=0.032) so that health anxiety was higher in employees with less experience (p= 0.033). Conclusion:The level of anxiety and health anxiety in staff dealing with COVID-19 patients is high. Due to negative effects of anxiety on effectiveness of employee performance, it is necessary to make necessary interventions to improve their mental state.
Background: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) that occurs under stressful conditions affecting all organs of the body. Previous studies have shown that propolis and melatonin have the potential to improve inflammation and oxidative stress, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these supplements on SIRS treatment.Method: This was a randomized, controlled clinical trial in SIRS patients comprising 55 subjects that were randomly assigned to 3 intervention or control groups. In the 3 intervention groups, patients were treated with propolis alone (at dose of 1000 mg/day), propolis (1000 mg/day) plus melatonin (20 mg/day), and melatonin alone (20 mg/day) respectively, while there was no intervention in the control group. The inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and clinical outcomes were measured before and after of the intervention, also 28-day survival rate was assessed. Results: Propolis plus melatonin reduced serum interleukin 6 (p = 0.001) and CRP levels (p <0.001), and was associated with an increased gavage intake (p = 0.016). At the end of the study, there was no difference between the groups in the oxidative stress and hematological indices. In the propolis+melatonin group, the clinical outcomes were significantly improved (p <0.05). Also the SOFA score between the groups did not differ at any time, its changes was significant during the time (p>0.001). The average survival after 28 days of follow-up in the propolis, propolis+melatonin, melatonin and control groups were 24.08, 25.69, 22.05 and 19.42 days respectively, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.07).Conclusion and relevance: Supplementation with propolis+melatonin may help to improve clinical outcomes by reducing inflammation and was probably associated with an increase in the calorie intake, leading to an increase in the survival rate in SIRS patients, although more studies are necessary to prove these effects. Trial registration: IRCT20181025041460N1.
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