The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the emergence of multidrug-resistant and the slow advent of novel and more potent antitumor and antimicrobial chemotherapeutics continue to be of the highest concern for human health. Additionally, the stability, low solubility, and negative effects of existing drugs make them ineffective. Studies into alternative tactics to tackle such tenacious diseases was sparked by anticancer and antibacterial. Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were created from Trichoderma saturnisporum, the much more productive fungal strain. Functional fungal extracellular enzymes and proteins carried out the activities of synthesis and capping of the generated nano-metals. Characterization was done on the obtained Ag-NPs and Au-NPs through UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and SEM. Additionally, versus methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the antibacterial activities of Ag-NPs and Au-NPs were assessed. In particular, the Ag-NPs were more effective against pathogenic bacteria than Au-NPs. Furthermore, antibiofilm study that shown Au-NPs had activity more than Ag-NPs. Interestingly, applying the DPPH procedure, these noble metallic NPs had antioxidant activity, in which the IC50 for Ag-NPs and Au-NPs was 73.5 μg/mL and 190.0 μg/mL, respectively. According to the cytotoxicity evaluation results, the alteration in the cells was shown as loss of their typical shape, partial or complete loss of monolayer, granulation, shrinking, or cell rounding with IC50 for normal Vero cell were 693.68 μg/mL and 661.24 μg/mL, for Ag-NPs and Au-NPs, respectively. While IC50 for cancer cell (Mcf7) was 370.56 μg/mL and 394.79 μg/mL for Ag-NPs and Au-NPs, respectively. Ag-NPs and Au-NPs produced via green synthesis have the potential to be employed in the medical industry as beneficial nanocompounds.

The goal of the current work was to investigate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, anticancer, and antioxidant opportunities of silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs) synthesized utilizing a new fungus strain called Fusarium pseudonygamai TB-13c. With the aid of UV, HR-TEM, FTIR, SEM, and XRD, the NPs’ creation was examined. For AgNPs and AuNPs, the mycosynthesized NPs’ highest peak plasmon band was seen at around 420 and 540 nm, respectively. AgNPs ranged in size from 5 to 20 nm, whereas AuNPs ranged in size from 8 to 60 nm. AgNPs and AuNPs were spherical in form. For AgNPs, the angles were 38.42°, 44.56°, 64.66°, and 77.75°; for AuNPs, the angles were 38.56°, 44.74°, 64.87°, and 77.85°. The antibacterial efficiency of AgNPs and AuNPs was evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In particular, AgNPs outperformed AuNPs in their ability to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, antibiofilm study that shown AuNPs had activity more than AgNPs. Interestingly, applying the DPPH procedure these noble metallic NPs had antioxidant activity, which the IC50 for AgNPs was 38.2 μg/ mL and 180 μg/ mL for AuNPs. The modification in the cells was evident in the cytotoxicity evaluation findings as change of their usual shape, partially or completely loss of monolayer, granulation, and shrinkage, or cell rounding with IC50 for normal vero cell were 695.34 μg/mL and 631.66 μg/mL for AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively, whilst IC50 for cancer cell (Mcf7) was 204.07 μg/mL for AgNPs and 206.95 μg/mL for AuNPs. The combined results show that there is a clear and flexible biological use for less toxic chemotherapeutic agents.

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