Background: liver transplantation surgically replaces a failing or diseased liver with one that is normal and healthy. At this time, transplantation is the only cure for liver insufficiency or liver failure because no device or machine reliably performs all of the functions of the liver. Aim of the Work: this study aimed to highlight risk factors of the venous thromboembolism in donors of living donor liver transplant and its management. Patients and Methods: this study included 40 patients who underwent hepatectomy for living donor liver transplant. All patients were evaluated extensively, including history and physical examination and specialty consultations when indicated. All patients did haematological studies to detect the risk factors of thromboembolic disease. Results: in patients with manifestations of venous thromboembolism 2 donors have single risk factor for venous thromboembolism and 4 donors have double risk factors. Conclusion: presence of multiple risk factors for venous thromboembolism led to increase in its incidence, so during preoperative assessment of the donors, if they have multiple risk factors for thrombosis some precautions should be taken to avoid venous thrombosis. Recommendations: preoperative precautions include heamatological consultations for the donors and prophylaxis dose of anticoagulant. Intra operative precautions included pneumatic calf pressure, elastic stocking. Finally postoperative precautions should be continued , these donors should take therapeutic doses of anticoagulants and follow up by lower limb venous duplex.
Background: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal problem especially in adolescents and patellar tracking or malposition and lower limb muscle strength have been implicated a contributing factor. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare between the effect of Whole Body Vibration technique versus Kinesio-Taping technique on pain threshold, pain intensity and functional level "mobility" in patients with Patello-Femoral Pain Syndrome. Methods: Forty five patients of both genders with age ranged from eighteen to forty years old participated in this study. They were assigned randomly into three groups (Group A, Group B and Group C). Group A consisted of 15 patients received Whole Body Vibration technique (3 sessions per week for 4 weeks) in addition to conventional physical therapy exercises, Group B consisted of 15 patients received Kinesio-Taping technique (2 sessions per week for 4 weeks) in addition to conventional physical therapy exercises, Group C consisted of 15 patients received conventional physical therapy exercises only (3 sessions per week for 4 weeks). Pain threshold was measured by pressure algometry, pain intensity was measured by visual analogue scale and functional level was measured by kujala patellofemoral questionnaire.
In previous years, database applications were built in the form of a file system, but many disadvantages were found after that, such as: data replication , inconsistency while storing, difficulty in accessing data and need to write a new program to execute each new task in addition to isolating the data within multiple file formats ..... etc. All the above problems were solved by using database systems. This paper is an applied to demonstrate the effective role of the tax information system to establish and operate knowledge database as a knowledge management requirement by: the conceptualization of the income tax, knowledge management system and the development of the retirement information system. In this paper, the ACCESS database was created and linked with the Visual Basic language to calculate income tax of the employees. Where the information of employee is entered (such as the employee's name, number and social status as well as the nominal salary). The system has saved and modified information of employees , printing a report on one employee or more, as well as knowing the amount of tax that got from employees .
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