Introduction: Propolis is one of the natural beehive products and a sticky material produced by honeybees to protect their hives from bacterial and fungal infections. Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the wound healing, antioxidant, antibacterial, physicochemical, and mineral profiles of propolis collected from three different regions in Ethiopia: Asela, Sheka, and Gambela. Methods: Physicochemical properties and mineral profiles were determined using standard analytical methods; antibacterial examination was determined using the disk-diffusion method; antioxidant properties were examined using spectrophotometric method; and a rodent model was used to investigate the wound healing properties of propolis. Results: Ethiopian propolis has physicochemical properties, such as moisture (3.64%-6.69%), ash (2.05%-3.54%), soluble substances (45.28%-71.85%), insoluble substances (28.15%-54.74%), saponification value (82.27-127.89), conductivity (0.13-0.24), pH (4.82-5.49), waxes (7.80%-8.89%), acid value (10.07-35.14), ester value (63.84-107.03), and melting point (63.03-83.95). Minerals found in propolis were Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Co. The inhibition zone (mm) for the antibacterial properties range from 6.55 ± 0.20 to 10.21 ± 0.16 (water extract) and 7.09 ± 0.06 to 12.06 ± 0.03 (ethanol extracts). The phenolic contents of propolis in Asela, Sheka, and Gambela were 63.09 ± 3.55, 72.26 ± 7.65, and 82.07 ± 3.72 mg GAE/g, respectively. The flavonoid contents of propolis in Asela, Sheka, and Gambela were 24.42 ± 0.53, 17.26 ± 0.35 and 22.68 ± 0.94 mg QE/g, respectively, which also have good antioxidant activities. The inhibition concentration values of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ascorbic acid in propolis in Asela, Sheka, and Gambela were 18.13 ± 0.002, 12.17 ± 0.002, 22.07 ± 0.001 and 15.20 ± 0.002 (μgml −1 ), respectively. There was a significant difference between the four treatments. The wound area in propolis in Asela, Sheka, and Gambela (mm 2 ) on day 14 was 0.51 ± 0.01, 0.60 ± 0.01, 0.49 ± 0.01, respectively. The highest wound improvement (%) was 84.49 ± 0.20 (propolis in Gambela), followed by propolis in Asela (83.75 ± 0.33) and Sheka (80.88 ± 0.32). Conclusion: Propolis collected from Ethiopia has various wound healing, antioxidant, antibacterial, physicochemical properties and mineral profiles. These properties and profiles make it a good candidate in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, and in traditional healing practices.
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