Peanut plays a key role to the livelihood of millions in the world especially in Arid and Semi-Arid regions. Peanut with high oleic acid content aids to increase shelf-life of peanut oil as well as food products and extends major health benefits to the consumers. In peanut, ahFAD2 gene controls quantity of two major fatty acids viz, oleic and linoleic acids. These two fatty acids together with palmitic acid constitute 90% fat composition in peanut and regulate the quality of peanut oil. Here, two ahfad2 alleles from SunOleic 95R were introgressed into ICGV 05141 using marker-assisted selection. Marker-assisted breeding effectively increased oleic acid and oleic to linoleic acid ratio in recombinant lines up to 44% and 30%, respectively as compared to ICGV 05141. In addition to improved oil quality, the recombinant lines also had superiority in pod yield together with desired pod/seed attributes. Realizing the health benefits and ever increasing demand in domestic and international market, the high oleic peanut recombinant lines will certainly boost the economical benefits to the Indian farmers in addition to ensuring availability of high oleic peanuts to the traders and industry.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important nutrient-rich food
legume and valued for its good quality cooking oil. The fatty acid content is
the major determinant of the quality of the edible oil. The oils containing
higher monounsaturated fatty acid are preferred for improved shelf life and
potential health benefits. Therefore, a high oleic/linoleic fatty acid ratio is
the target trait in an advanced breeding program. The two mutant alleles,
ahFAD2A (on linkage group a09) and ahFAD2B
(on linkage group b09) control fatty acid composition for higher oleic/linoleic
ratio in peanut. In the present study, marker-assisted backcrossing was employed
for the introgression of two FAD2 mutant alleles from
SunOleic95R into the chromosome of ICGV06100, a high oil content peanut breeding
line. In the marker-assisted backcrossing-introgression lines, a 97% increase in
oleic acid, and a 92% reduction in linoleic acid content was observed in
comparison to the recurrent parent. Besides, the oleic/linoleic ratio was
increased to 25 with respect to the recurrent parent, which was only 1.2. The
most significant outcome was the stable expression of oil-content, oleic acid,
linoleic acid, and palmitic acid in the marker-assisted
backcrossing-introgression lines over the locations. No significant difference
was observed between high oleic and normal oleic in peanuts for seedling traits
except germination percentage. In addition, marker-assisted
backcrossing-introgression lines exhibited higher yield and resistance to foliar
fungal diseases, i.e., late leaf spot and
rust.
High oleic peanuts and derived food products offer longer shelf life benefits to the food processing industry in addition to multiple health benefits to the consumers. The two mutant alleles, ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B control composition of oleic, linoleic and palmitic acid content in peanut. A total of 563 peanut pre-breeding lines were tested for the presence ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B mutant alleles using allele specific markers. The ahFAD2A mutant allele was present in 82 lines, while none of these lines had ahFAD2B mutant allele. Among botanical types, ahFAD2A mutant allele was more frequent in lines with Virginia growth habit than Spanish bunch although no correlation of ahFAD2A mutant allele with high oleic acid content and growth habit could be established. Oleic and linoleic acid content in 82 prebreeding lines ranged from 39.70 to 62.70% and 17.76 to 31.95%, respectively, with maximum oleic to linoleic acid ratio of 4. Oleic acid was found to be negatively correlated with linoleic and palmitic acid. Further, pre-breeding lines with ahFAD2A mutant allele, high oleic content and high oleic to linoleic ratio were investigated and novel lines were identified for resistance to late leaf spot, short duration, higher pod yield and other yield related traits. These novel pre-breeding lines can be used as a potential donor in peanut improvement programme and to diversify the primary gene pool including initiating further research on induction of fresh ahFAD2B mutant allele.
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