This study aims to identify and analyze the success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) following the lines of dynamic capabilities and resources-based views. Methodology: To achieve this objective, the multiple case study method was followed, where 20 SMEs/cases in Iran were selected. For this purpose, the statistical population of the research is the managers, experts and experts of small and medium-sized enterprises. For determining the sample size, a targeted sampling method has been used. The reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha (α = 0.971) and its validity was confirmed by experts and experts. Finally, ISM technique used to analyze information. Findings: From a content analysis of the interviews conducted to the ownermanagers of these SMEs, the most important success factors identified were: 1) Business environment, 2) Capital availability, 3) Business support, 4) Leadership and Management, 5) Business characteristics, 6) Individual factors, 7) Government Support, 8) Infrastructure, 9) Human Resource Management and 10) Networks/Partnerships. Originality/Value: Entrepreneurship and SMEs are integral to economic and social development and regeneration. It is recognized that, SMEs are the engine of economic growth through employment generation, contribution to GDP, technological innovations, and other aspects of economic and social development.
Todays, advertising intensity is different among various types of market structure. In other words, concentration as an important indicator of market structure plays significant role in the firms' decision about the amount of advertising expenditures. This study aims at analyzing the relationship between competition index (concentration) and advertising in the Iranian food and beverage industries. Methodology: Using a panel of 22 four-digit Iranian food and beverage industries, this study analyses the relationship between advertising intensity and concentration over the period 2007-2019. Findings: The results show that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between the advertising intensity and concentration. Also, the profitability has negative and export intensity has positive and significant effects on the advertising intensity. Originality/Value: The structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm suggests that performance of the industry is affected by the conduct of the participants in the market, which is influenced by the companies' market structure.
Human Capital Theory states that individuals invest in their human capital in order to enhance own productivity which is in turn rewarded by higher wages. The theory asserts that investments in human capital are undertaken by individuals until the point where the marginal productivity gained equals the marginal opportunity cost (from the individual's viewpoint). Benefits of human capital accumulation by a person need not pertain to that person solely. An individual's investment in her own human capital may also increase productivity of the other factors of production, i.e. physical capital or human capital of others. Importantly, the channels of such influence -the most prominent of which is sharing of knowledge and skills through formal and informal interaction between people in the same industry, city, region or economy -may not be internalized within firms or families. This gives rise to human capital externalities. Methodology:The technique used is DEMATEL method. A questionnaire was constructed and answered by eleven experts. Then the DEMATEL method was applied to analyze the importance of criteria and the casual relations among the criteria were constructed. The study period is 2021-2022. Findings: Factors affecting productivity in cities can be divided into several categories: Factors related to human resources, Factors related to management, Factors related to the government, Equipment and facilities, Technology, Environmental factors, Materials and energy. Originality/Value: Human capital can be defined as those skills, abilities, and knowledge embodied in an individual which contribute to a productive process by creating value, whether it be economic or social.
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