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This paper presents a network hardware-in-theloop (HIL) simulation system for modeling large-scale power systems. Researchers have developed many HIL test systems for power systems in recent years. Those test systems can model both microsecond-level dynamic responses of power electronic systems and millisecond-level transients of transmission and distribution grids. By integrating individual HIL test systems into a network of HIL test systems, we can create large-scale power grid digital twins with flexible structures at required modeling resolution that fits for a wide range of system operating conditions. This will not only significantly reduce the need for field tests when developing new technologies but also greatly shorten the model development cycle. In this paper, we present a networked OPAL-RT based HIL test system for developing transmission-distribution coordinative Volt-VAR regulation technologies as an example to illustrate system setups, communication requirements among different HIL simulation systems, and system connection mechanisms. Impacts of communication delays, information exchange cycles, and computing delays are illustrated. Simulation results show that the performance of a networked HIL test system is satisfactory.

As a distributed energy storage system, ice-storage air conditioning system can not only reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of the existing power system but it can also plays an important role in the demand side management. But how to get the optimal allocation proportion of cooling load between ice storage and chillers still is an unsolved problem. A nonlinear programming is constructed based on the improved model of facilities to achieve the optimization of the ice-storage air conditioning system. Then, an adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm (A SAGA)is proposed to solve this nonlinear problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the given facility models and nonlinear program as well as ASAGA are tested by a practical proj ect analysis.

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