We found a new in vivo route to produce maternal doubled haploid of Brassica napus . The pollen donor, an allooctaploid rapeseed, acts as a DH inducer. Inbred line has a powerful advantage in cultivar breeding and genetic analysis. Compared to the traditional breeding methods, doubled haploid production can save years off the breeding process. Though genotype-dependent tissue culture methods are widely used in the Brassica crops, seed-based in vivo doubled haploid developing systems are rare in nature and in the laboratory. As interspecific cross and interploid hybridization play an important role in genome evolution and plant speciation, we created a new Brassica artificial hybrid, a Brassica allooctaploid (AAAACCCC, 2n = 8× = 76), by interspecific crossing and genome doubling. A homozygous line was observed at the third self-generation of a synthesized Brassica allohexaploid (AAAACC, 2n = 6× = 58). Crosses between B. napus as female and Brassica allooctaploid as pollen donor were conducted, which yielded maternal doubled haploid B. napus that were identified based on phenotype, ploidy, and molecular analysis. The Brassica octaploid acted as a maternal doubled haploid inducer and had a relatively high induction rate. Our research provides a new insight for generation of homozygous lines in vivo using a single-step approach, as well as promotes the understanding in breeding programs and genetic studies involving the Brassicas.

While fresh potato consumption is decreasing in many countries, more potatoes are processed into value-added products to meet the demand especially from the fast food and convenience food industries (Schieber and Saldana, 2009). Therefore, potato peels, as by-products from potato processing, represent a serious disposal problem to industry as well as environment and sustainability (Schieber and Saldana, 2009). However, potato peels contain lots of nutritional and functional compounds such as dietary fibers (Lazarov and Werman, 1996), antioxidant (Singh and Rajini, 2004), and polyphenols (Albishi et al., 2013), which could be used in foods and non-food applications.Recently, people become more interested in anthocyanins since they have shown antioxidant activity and have potential health beneficial effects on various disorders like cancer, aging, neurological diseases and so on (Burgos et al., 2013), and pay much attention to pigmented potatoes. There have been a great number of studies on pigmented potato flesh. Red-fleshed potatoes contain acylated glucosides of pelargonidin and the purple-flesh potatoes contain acylated glucosides of malvidin, petunidin, peonidin, and delphinine (Brown, 2005;Lachman et al., 2012).Though previous studies have revealed that the peel of pigmented potato tubers contained considerably higher levels of anthocyanins than the flesh (Jansen and Flamme, 2006;Lewis, 1996;Lewis et al., 1999), there have been a few studies about the anthocyanin compositions of potato peels. And also, related researches on pigmented potato native to China are very few. The objective of present experiment was to investigate and estimate the L. Yin et al. 220 differences in total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and anthocyanidin composition between the potato peel and its corresponding flesh.These results will help to develop the economic value of pigmented potato, especially to improve the utilization of potato peel. Materials and MethodsPlant materials Ten pigmented potato cultivars (Table 1) native to China were chosen and grown at Yunnan Determination of TAC TAC was determined by the pH differential method described by (Albishi et al., 2013) with minor modifications. One milliliter of extraction was diluted with 9 mL of potassium chloride buffer, pH 1.0 and 9 mL of sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5, separately. The diluted solutions were then left at room temperature for 1 h, and the absorbance was measured at 520 nm and 700 nm, respectively, against a blank cell filled with distilled water. Tests were conducted in triplicates. The results were expressed as mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents (CGE)per 100 g of fresh potato peel/flesh. Determination of TPC TPC was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method described by Burgos et al. (2013) with minor modifications. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of anthocyanidinsThe extract (0.1 mL), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (2 N) (0.2 mL) and 0.7 mL of distilled water were added to a screw-cap test tube,...

As a core microbe of the human gut ecosystem, Bacteroides vulgatus has been linked to multiple aspects of metabolic disorders in a collection of associative studies, which, while indicative, warrants more direct experimental evidence to verify. In this study, we experimentally demonstrated that oral administration of B. vulgatus Bv46 ameliorated the serum lipid profile and systemic inflammation of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats in a microbiome-regulated manner, which appears to be associated with changes of bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, and serum metabolomic profile.

Two pairs of aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped strains (HY164T/HY044, HY168T/HY211) were isolated from bat faecal samples. Strains HY164T and HY044 were motile with a polar flagellum, and had 16S rRNA gene similarity of 95.1–98.6 % to Haloactinobacterium album YIM 93306T and Haloactinobacterium glacieicola T3246-1T; strains HY168T and HY211 were most similar to Ruania albidiflava DSM 18029T (96.6 %). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences revealed affiliation of strains HY164T and HY168T to the family Ruaniaceae , representing novel lineages in the genera Haloactinobacterium and Ruania , respectively, which was also supported by the results for average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH). For all isolates, the principal cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. HY164T and HY168T had MK-8(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, several unidentified phospholipids and glycolipids as common polar lipids while the latter strain additionally contained one unidentified aminophospholipid and one unidentified phosphoglycolipid. Besides sharing alanine, glutamic acid and lysine with HY164T, HY168T additionally contained 2,4-diaminobutyric acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The whole-cell sugars of HY164T were ribose and rhamnose, while HY168T only included the latter. The DNA G+C contents of HY164T and HY168T were 71.0 and 69.1 mol%, respectively. Combining the polyphasic taxonomic data, HY164T (=CGMCC 4.7606T=JCM 33464T) is classified as representing a novel species of the genus Haloactinobacterium with the proposed name Haloactinobacterium kanbiaonis sp. nov., and HY168T (=CGMCC 1.16970T=JCM 33465T) is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Ruania with the name Ruania zhangjianzhongii sp. nov.