Traditional methods of discovering new materials, such as the empirical trial and error method and the density functional theory (DFT)‐based method, are unable to keep pace with the development of materials science today due to their long development cycles, low efficiency, and high costs. Accordingly, due to its low computational cost and short development cycle, machine learning is coupled with powerful data processing and high prediction performance and is being widely used in material detection, material analysis, and material design. In this article, we discuss the basic operational procedures in analyzing material properties via machine learning, summarize recent applications of machine learning algorithms to several mature fields in materials science, and discuss the improvements that are required for wide‐ranging application.

In this paper, we present an improved feedforward sequential memory networks (FSMN) architecture, namely Deep-FSMN (DFSMN), by introducing skip connections between memory blocks in adjacent layers. These skip connections enable the information flow across different layers and thus alleviate the gradient vanishing problem when building very deep structure. As a result, DFSMN significantly benefits from these skip connections and deep structure. We have compared the performance of DFSMN to BLSTM both with and without lower frame rate (LFR) on several large speech recognition tasks, including English and Mandarin. Experimental results shown that DFSMN can consistently outperform BLSTM with dramatic gain, especially trained with LFR using CD-Phone as modeling units. In the 2000 hours Fisher (FSH) task, the proposed DFSMN can achieve a word error rate of 9.4% by purely using the crossentropy criterion and decoding with a 3-gram language model, which achieves a 1.5% absolute improvement compared to the BLSTM. In a 20000 hours Mandarin recognition task, the LFR trained DFSMN can achieve more than 20% relative improvement compared to the LFR trained BLSTM. Moreover, we can easily design the lookahead filter order of the memory blocks in DFSMN to control the latency for real-time applications.

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Steel defect detection is used to detect defects on the surface of the steel and to improve the quality of the steel surface. However, traditional image detection algorithms cannot meet the detection requirements because of small defect features and low contrast between background and features about steel surface defect datasets. A novel recognition algorithm for steel surface defects based on improved deep learning network models using feature visualization and quality evaluation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the VGG19 is used to pre-train the steel surface defect classification task and the corresponding DVGG19 is established to extract the feature images in different layers from defects weight model. Secondly, the SSIM and decision tree are used to evaluate the feature image quality and adjust the parameters and structure of VGG19. On this basis, a new VSD network is obtained and used for the classification of steel surface defects. Comparing with ResNet and VGG19 methods, experiment results show that the proposed method markedly can improve the average accuracy of classification, and the model is able to converge quickly, which can be good for steel surface defect recognition using VSD network model of feature visualization and quality evaluation.