An intelligent approach, which uses adaptive network based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) based on experimental designs, is used to characterise the tribological behaviour of undoped and Zr doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films that are deposited using magnetron sputtering. An orthogonal array experiment is used and the effect of the deposition parameters on the films is determined. The films are analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Friction and wear tests are performed, using a pin-on-disk tribometer. This study identifies a group of highly developed hillock-like textures and lower wear volume loss is evident in the undoped and Zr doped films. The C1s core level XPS spectra show that the undoped and Zr doped films formed have a relative content of sp3 and sp2 hybrids. It is found that a value that is close to the estimated value, 0?5¡0?05, of sp3/sp2 ratio results in better tribological properties in the undoped and Zr doped DLC films. These predicted values and the experimental results, for which an ANFIS predicts the tribological behaviour of the DLC films, are similar. The experimental results demonstrate that the tribological properties of DLC multilayer films are accurately predicted by an ANFIS. The results obtained for the ANFIS model are also compared to those for an ANN model and a Fuzzy system and it is shown that an ANFIS gives more reliable modelling of these sputtering processes and is more accurate and flexible than ANN and Fuzzy system models, which verifies the reliability and feasibility of this approach.

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In the previous study, the dye decolorization was investigated byTsukamurellasp. J8025 under the static condition at 30°C. The object of this study was to evaluate the influence of light irradiation with 15W low-pressure mercury lamp on dye decolorization. Three kinds of common culture medium Luria-Bertani (LB), Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), and Yeast extract-Malt Extract (YEME) were used in this study. Strain J8025 was cultivated in different media added with methyl orange, and the rate of color removal was determined by measuring the absorbance at specific wavelengths. The experiments proved the decolorization efficiency after 48h under light irradiation in LB medium was up to 40%, that in TSB medium was up to 50%, and that in YEME medium was up to 68%, respectively. The decolorization process needed glucose as an energy source to support the bacterial growth and promote the decolorization rate. Due to the salt contained in the dye-wastewater, the effect of salt was investigated. The results showed nearly 98% color was removed after 48 h in the presence of 1% NaCl under light irradiation, but the decolorization was inhibited by high concentrations of salt. The results indicated a strain J8025 coupling with the light irradiation could be potentially used to improve the dye decolorization.

This paper introduces a module using the RGB-based LED design to improve the thermal management of a mixied white light LED and describes a system for heat dissipation in illuminated, high-power LED arrays. Mixed light LEDs can be produced by combining appropriate amounts of light from the red, green and blue LEDs in an array. A LED cooling system, using a micro- tube water-cooling device, was fabricated. Recycling water in the system, gave more efficient convection and the heat created by the LEDs was easily removed, in the experiments. It was shown that micro-tube water-cooling systems rendered an improvement in thermal management that effectively decreases the thermal resistance and provides very good thermal dissipation. Furthermore, the results of experiment and simulation demonstrated that a micro-tube water-cooling system is very effective in heat dissipation in LEDs and the fabrication of practical micro-water tube cooling devices for mixing light LEDs was feasible and useful

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