The vehicle detection process plays the key role in determining the success of intelligent transport management system solutions. The measurement of distortions of the Earth’s magnetic field using magnetic field sensors served as the basis for designing a solution aimed at vehicle detection. In accordance with the results obtained from research into process modeling and experimentally testing all the relevant hypotheses an algorithm for vehicle detection using the state criteria was proposed. Aiming to evaluate all of the possibilities, as well as pros and cons of the use of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors in the transport flow control process, we have performed a series of experiments with various vehicles (or different series) from several car manufacturers. A comparison of 12 selected methods, based on either the process of determining the peak signal values and their concurrence in time whilst calculating the delay, or by measuring the cross-correlation of these signals, was carried out. It was established that the relative error can be minimized via the Z component cross-correlation and Kz criterion cross-correlation methods. The average relative error of vehicle speed determination in the best case did not exceed 1.5% when the distance between sensors was set to 2 m.

This article explores a possibility to determine blood glucose level in a non-invasive way. Environment similar to human body was simulated in software "Comsol Multiphysics 4.3a" and most suitable topology of interdigital electrodes was chosen. These electrodes were used to carry out investigation of blood glucose levels in several test subjects. Non-invasive measurement method decreases possibility of infection and physical injuries.

Highlights• A wireless sensor node architecture composed from energy harvesting transducer, energy accumulating capacitor, sensors, microcontroller and RF link is proposed and fabricated. • The elaborated algorithm and the created detector could reach no more than 100-150 nA current consumption. • The created wireless sensor energy harvester prototype satisfies the energy needs for sensors and is capable of transmitting the information at the distance of 20 metres. • For cutting tool performance evaluation the limitary moment, when cutting tool starts manufacturing inappropriate quality parts, is defined experimentally and statistically. • The created device opens a way for wireless sensors networks in manufacturing technologies. Graphical abstractVitaeVytautas Ostasevicius graduated from Kaunas University of Technologyengineer mechanic in 1971, doctor of sciencies in 1974, doctor habilitus in 1988. and in industry. His research focuses on electronic system efficiency, energy harvesting, low power management and wireless smart sensors. Mindaugas Cepenas graduated from KaunasUniversity of Technology (KTU) in 2012 with Master's degree in Electrical engineering. Currently, PhD study in Electrical and Electronics Department of Electronics Engineering studies KTU. Research areas -interactive design of microprocessor systems and low-power wireless networks. Laura Kizauskiene is an associate professor at the Department of Computers, and researcher at the Real-time Computer Systems Centre at Kaunas University of Technology. She has gained doctors' degree in Technology Science in 2009. Her main research interests are multi-agent systems, artificial intelligence, wireless sensor networks, embedded real time systems and smart environments. Since 2007, she has been working at Kaunas University of Technology and has participated in several research projects, developing smart house and sensor network technologies. Virginija Gyliene received her License Professional degree (Conception and Fabrication assisted by Computers) from the University of Maine (France) in 2001. She gained a Master degree in Manufacturing Engineering in 2002 and Ph. D. degree in 2007 from KaunasUniversity of Technology. Now, she is the Lecturer in the same University and her research field is numerical and experimental study of cutting processes. AbstractThis paper presents a method of cutting tool vibration energy harvesting for wireless applications, the created devices and the results of the accomplished experiments. The proposed high frequency piezo generator assures energy harvesting, accumulation and appropriateness for wireless sensors applications. The proposed architecture composed from energy harvesting transducer, energy accumulating capacitor, sensors, microcontroller and RF link opens a way for wireless sensors networks in manufacturing technologies providing the effective integration of information, delivered by sensors of different nature, to achieve a wholesome description of the status of the monitored process. The elaborated algorithm a...

With rapidly increasing traffic occupancy, intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are a vital feature for urban areas. This paper analyses methods for estimating long (L > 10 m) vehicle speed and length using a self-developed system, equipped with two anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensors, and introduces a method for verifying the results. A well-known cross-correlation method of magnetic signatures is not appropriate for calculating the vehicle speed of long vehicles owing to limited resources and a long calculation time. Therefore, the adaptive signature cropping algorithm was developed and used with a difference quotient of a magnetic signature. An additional piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor and video camera provide ground truth to evaluate the performances. The prototype system was installed on the urban road and tested under various traffic and weather conditions. The accuracy of results was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for different methods and vehicle speed groups. The experimental result with a self-obtained data set of 600 unique entities shows that the average speed MAPE error of our proposed method is lower than 3% for vehicle speed in a range between 40 and 100 km/h.

This paper presents technologies and experiments of a wireless sensors using two thermocouples network. It was established that the energy consumption during sensor measurements is usually up to 10 times lower compared to the energy consumption at the time of establishing wireless connection for most protocols. For this reason, new simplified wireless connection protocol was created. Extremely low energy wireless sensor hardware and software equipment was designed. The newly created universal measurement module allows the use not only thermocouples, but also various types of analogue sensors, thermocouples, pressure bridges, Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD) and digital sensors communicating through SPI or I2C interface. The newly designed specific power supply scheme allows to supply the sensor and radio module with the voltage from 1.2 V to 3.6 V batteries. When conducting periodic measurements every second, the use of newly designed hardware and software equipment enables the wireless sensor to be operated for up to 3 years from two 1200 mAh capacity batteries.