Lithium batteries are receiving considerable attention as storage devices in the renewable energy and sustainable road transport fi elds. However, low-cost, long-life lithium batteries with higher energy densities are required to facilitate practical application. Here we report a lithium-ion battery that can be cycled at rates as high as 10 C has a life exceeding 500 cycles and an operating temperature range extending from − 20 to 55 ° C. The estimated energy density is 260 W h kg − 1 , which is considerably higher than densities delivered by the presently available Li-ion batteries.
In this work we report the characteristics and performance of a sodium-ion battery based on a Sn-C anode and a Na(Ni(0.5)Mn(0.5))O(2) cathode. We show that both electrodes behave satisfactorily in terms of capacity delivery and cycle life when tested in sodium semicells. By coupling these electrodes in an electrolyte solution of sodium perchlorate in a mixture of propylene carbonate and 2 %vol of fluoroethylene carbonate, a sodium-ion battery showing promising electrochemical performance is obtained. This sodium ion battery in fact operates at an average voltage of 2.8 V, with a specific capacity of 120 mA h g(-1) and with a life extending to 50 cycles with minor capacity decays.
A minute amount of allyl isocynate functionalized graphene oxide (MGO, 0.05-0.25%) has been covalently incorporated into the polyurethane acrylate based matrix of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLC), and the effects were studied in terms of compound viscosity, grating kinetics and morphology, diffraction efficiency (DE), and electro-optical properties of the HPDLC films at two levels of laser writing power. MGO at very low content (0.05%, 0.10%) significantly reduced the compound viscosity, increased the polymerization rate, limited droplet coalescence, and increased the diffraction efficiencies (74%, 64%) over the MGO-free compound (48%). Polymer conductivity and local electrical field increased with increasing MGO content to give a large decrease in operating voltage in accordance with a theoretical prediction. With high laser intensity, well defined grating structure with small droplet size was seen from the SEM morphology to give a fast grating formation with high saturation diffraction.
Self-assembly process, patterning, and characterization of well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films are presented in this letter. The dc current in an ac dielectrophoresis of an SWNT solution was measured and used to control the self-assembly process to get an oriented, compact SWNT film 15–20 nm thick. The film was further patterned to form submicron beams by focused ion beams, or lithography and oxygen plasma etching. The Young’s modulus of the film ranged from 350 to 830 GPa. The electrical resistivity was about 8.7×10−3 Ω cm. The temperature coefficient of resistance was −1.2%/K.
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