OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify spatial patterns of distribution of
overall, early, and late neonatal mortality rates in São Paulo state. METHODS: An ecological and exploratory study was carried in micro-regions of São Paulo
sate. Mortality rates per 1,000 live births (LB) were calculated using data on
overall, early, and late neonatal mortality in São Paulo between 2006 and 2010;
these data were obtained from Information System and Information Technology
Department of the Brazilian National Healthcare System (DATASUS). The global
Moran's indices (I) were calculated for rates and thematic maps were built with
these rates. Micro-regions with a high priority for intervention were identified
by the box map. The software TerraView 4.2.1 was used for spatial analysis. RESULTS: The rates of early and late neonatal mortality were 6.2 per thousand LB and 2.5
per thousand LB, respectively. The global Moran's indexes (I) were I=0.13, I=0.15,
and I=0.26 for overall, early, and late neonatal mortality rates, respectively;
all global Moran's indices showed p-values <0.05. Thematic
maps showed clusters of micro-regions with high rates located in the southwest and
east of the state. CONCLUSION: The results presented in this study allow the implementation of policies by
health managers, aiming to reduce neonatal mortality.
Depression is a heterogeneous mental disease classified as a set of disorders,
which manifest with a certain duration, frequency and intensity. The prevalence
of depression in the elderly ranges from 0.5 to 16%.OBJECTIVETo establish, in an epidemiological study, the prevalence of significant
depressive symptoms in the population aged 60 years or older.METHODSResults of a cross-sectional epidemiological study, involving home visits,
being carried out in the city of Tremembé, Brazil, were reported. The
sample was randomly selected by drawing 20% of the population over 60 years
from each of the city's census sectors. In this single-phase study, the
assessment included clinical history, physical and neurological examination,
cognitive evaluation, the Cornell scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire
for psychiatric symptoms. Scores greater than or equal to 8 on the Cornell
scale were taken to indicate the presence of depressive symptoms.RESULTSA total of 455 elders were assessed, and of these 169 (37.1%) had clinically
significant depressive symptoms (CSDS). Depression prevalence was higher
among women (p<0.001) and individuals with lower education (p=0.033). The
Chi-square test for trends showed a significant relationship where lower
socioeconomic status was associated with greater likelihood of depressive
symptoms (p=0.005).CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was high in this sample of the
population-based study and was associated with female gender, low
educational level and socioeconomic status. The assessment of the entire
population sample must be completed.
Depression is a major growing public health problem. Many population studies have
found a significant relationship between depression and the presence of
cognitive disorders.ObjectiveTo establish the correlation between the Visual Analogue Scale of Happiness
and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia in the population aged 60
years or over in the city of Tremembé, state of São Paulo,
Brazil.MethodsAn epidemiological survey involving home visits was carried out in the city
of Tremembé. The sample was randomly selected by drawing 20% of the
population aged 60 years or older from each of the city's census sectors. In
this single-phase study, the assessment included clinical history, physical
and neurological examination, cognitive evaluation, and application of both
the Cornell Scale and the Analogue Scale of Happiness for psychiatric
symptoms. The presence of depressive symptoms was defined as scores greater
than or equal to 8 points on the Cornell Scale.ResultsA total of 623 subjects were evaluated and of these 251 (40.3%) had
clinically significant depressive symptoms on the Cornell Scale, with a
significant association with female gender (p<0.001) and with lower
education (p=0.012). One hundred and thirty-six participants (21.8%) chose
the unhappiness faces, with a significant association with age (p<0.001),
female gender (p=0.020) and low socioeconomic status (p=0.012). Although
there was a statistically significant association on the correlation test,
the correlation was not high (rho=0.47).ConclusionThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was high in this sample and the Visual
Analogue Scale of Happiness and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia
should not be used as similar alternatives for evaluating the presence of
depressive symptoms, at least in populations with low educational level.
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