AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES‐NWI) for hospital nurses in Japan.DesignA cross‐sectional mail survey.MethodsParticipants in this study were 1,219 full‐time ward nurses from 27 hospitals in Japan, using 31 items of the Japanese version of the PES‐NWI questionnaire, from December 2008‐March 2009. Construct validity, criterion‐related validity and internal consistency of the PES‐NWI were tested.ResultsThe PES‐NWI showed reliable internal consistency. The five‐factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The PES‐NWI correlated significantly with job satisfaction, burnout and the nurses’ intention to stay on the job, supporting criterion‐related validity.

Aim To clarify the concept of psychological safety in a healthcare context and to provide the first theoretical framework for improving interpersonal relationships in the workplace to better patient care. Design A Rodgers’ concept analysis. Methods The concept analysis was conducted using a systematic search strategy on PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Ichushi‐Web. Results An analysis of 88 articles studying psychological safety in health care identified five attributes: perceptions of the consequences of taking interpersonal risks, strong interpersonal relationships, group‐level phenomenon, safe work environment for taking interpersonal risks and non‐punitive culture. The antecedents included structure/system factors, interpersonal factors and individual factors. The four consequences included performance outcomes, organizational culture outcomes, and psychological and behavioural outcomes.

Aim This study aimed to investigate the association between work environment and sense of coherence among staff nurses. Background In Antonovsky's salutogenetic theory, factors that causes stress are not always harmful when people's sense of coherence is high. Although the effects of sense of coherence have repeatedly been confirmed, few studies have examined factors that increase sense of coherence. Methods We used cross‐sectional data (N = 6172) surveyed in 2017 from a 2‐year longitudinal study in 2016 and 2017. Multiple group structural equation modelling was conducted for years of nurse experience of different groups. Results Work environment subscale scores for nurses with less than 5 years of experience ranged from 2.3 to 2.9 and for those with more than 5 years, from 2.1 to 2.7. The averages of sense of coherence for the groups were 36.9 and 39.7, respectively. For both groups, there was a statistically significant association between work environment and sense of coherence. Conclusions Improvement of nurses' work environment may increase sense of coherence, leading to improvements in health. Implications for Nursing Management The study suggests that nurse managers should improve the work environment to increase sense of coherence of staff nurses, leading to improved health for any length of a nurse's experience.