The combined application of crease recovery finishing (using a dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea‐based finish) and pigment printing is evaluated in this study. The use of a small amount of ammonium chloride in a combined print–finish process induces significant pigment print paste viscosity losses. However, the catalyst 2‐aminoethanesulphonic acid produces negligible viscosity reduction when used in the combined print–finish process, coupled with the desired levels of finish and pigment print performance. Similar dry crease recovery, breaking load, colour strength and colour fastness properties are achieved by using 2‐aminoethanesulphonic acid in the combined print–finish process relative to the conventional print–finish process.
This investigation evaluates the effects on print paste consumption of altering screen printing variables in rotary‐ and flat‐screen printing. An analysis of fabric consumption factors for a 100% coverage screen on a number of different substrates is reported. Average factors are calculated for each substrate and the uptake variations brought about by altering squeegee size, magnet pressure, mesh size, machine speed and print fall‐on recorded. Paste viscosity remained constant throughout the investigation. The fabric factors, together with screen open area percentages available from the laser engraver, are used to predict the amounts of paste required to print a designated length of fabric. A laboratory Zimmer magnetic rod printer is used under controlled conditions to draw comparisons with the bulk printing results. The data shows that the major influencing variables are squeegee size, machine speed and print fall‐on effects.
In this study, sulphonic acid‐based zwitterions are evaluated as an alternative catalyst system for the crease recovery finishing, using dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea, of cotton fabric prior to pigment printing. Crease recovery finishing using a conventional catalyst, magnesium chloride, induces loss of pigment print definition attributed to the electrolytic thinning of polyacrylate‐based synthetic thickener. However, such electrolytic thinning can be prevented by using aminomethane‐ or aminoethane‐sulphonic acid. A combined catalyst of the latter with ammonium chloride is identified as an alternative catalyst for crease recovery finishing prior to pigment printing. The properties of finish and pigment print evaluated using this catalyst are improved without the loss of print definition.
The use of polyester fabrics in a project to investigate the application of real wax batik print styles necessitated the application of a low‐temperature dyeing technique. Consequently an ultrasonic dyeing method was explored, in which the use of appropriate pre‐swelling of the substrate had been reported to give acceptable shade depths at 50d̀C. Experiments involving three separate disperse dyes demonstrated little advantage for ultrasonic dyeing over conventional methods, particularly when carrier was incorporated into the dyebath. The depths of shade obtained were considerably inferior to those achievable in commercial dyeing at the boil with carrier included.
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