The programme went beyond many dementia activities. Despite no evidence for lasting effects, all involved wanted the programme to continue. A carer quote: You do it for the moment encapsulates a sense that an activity is worthwhile even if it gives benefit only whilst running. The programme is continuing and expanding.
The nurses' experience could be understood as a desire to do the best for the people in their care by trying to alleviate their suffering and enhance their quality of life. When they did not have the resources, opportunity or ability to do this, it caused strain.
Facile synthesis of C-terminal thioesters is integral to native chemical ligation (NCL) strategies for chemical protein synthesis. We introduce a new method of mild peptide activation, which leverages solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) on an established resin linker and classical heterocyclic chemistry to convert C-terminal peptide hydrazides into their corresponding thioesters via an acyl pyrazole intermediate. Peptide hydrazides, synthesized on established trityl chloride resins, can be activated in solution with stoichiometric acetyl acetone (acac), readily proceed to the peptide acyl pyrazoles. Acyl pyrazoles are mild acylating agents and are efficiently exchanged with an aryl thiol, which can then be directly utilized in NCL. The mild, chemoselective, and stoichiometric activating conditions allow this method to be utilized through multiple sequential ligations without intermediate purification steps.
SUMMARYFour patients suffering dementing illnesses and presenting management difficulties were taught the association between either a cue and a behaviour, or a cue and information affecting behaviour. On subsequently encountering the cue in the environment, targeted problem behaviours diminished to manageable levels, were modified, or ceased. Problems were: obsessive demands, inappropriate urinating and intrusive aggressive behaviour. The technique failed with a fifth patient, who shouted constantly. Theoretical and clinical aspects of the interventions and the teaching method (repeated retrieval trials) are discussed.KEY woms-Senile dementia, behaviour management, spaced retrieval, fading cues, cued recall, operant conditioning, prospective memory.
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