Background The current evidence regarding the alterations experienced by the alveolar ridge (hard tissue changes) after implant removal due to peri‐implantitis is limited. Purpose To assess the hard tissue dimensional changes following implant removal due to peri‐implantitis. Material and methods Clinical records were examined to identify patients with implants that had to be removed due to a hopeless prognosis secondary to peri‐implantitis due to expendability of peri‐implantitis implants for functional reasons. Patients with preoperative and postoperative cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were included. Patient‐related, implant‐related, and surgery‐related factors were assessed based on the clinical records. Linear measurements were made to evaluate the influence of bone plate thickness (BPT), ridge width (RW), and ridge height (RH) at various levels upon the outcome of implant removal. A descriptive statistical analysis of the quantitative and qualitative variables was performed. Correlations of the variables with the primary outcome (dimensional changes) were tested using univariate and multivariate analyses (multinomial random intercept mixed model linear regressions). Results A total of 26 patients (nimplants = 79) met the eligibility criteria. The mean decrease in RW at 1 and 3 mm below the crest was 11.3% and 4.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). Buccal and lingual RH was significantly reduced by 2.2% and 6.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). Few patient‐related, implant‐related, and surgery‐related factors appeared to have an impact upon the hard tissue dimensional changes. Bone regeneration simultaneous to implant removal minimized the dimensional changes of the ridge both vertically (5% lesser buccal RH reduction) and horizontally (12% lesser RW reduction) when compared with spontaneous healing. The use of a reverse‐torque removal kit seemed to be critical in limiting the dimensional changes of the ridge. Conclusions Minimal hard tissue changes can be expected following implant removal due to peri‐implantitis. Simultaneous bone regeneration procedures and the use of a removal kit may considerably reduce the impact upon the dimensional changes (NCT04534361).
Aim of study: We studied the germination ecology of a threatened daffodil in order to develop a protocol to produce plants ex-situ from seeds, a key tool for population reinforcement.Area of study: Experiments were carried out both outdoors and in the laboratory in Albacete (Spain).Material and methods: Embryo length, radicle and shoot emergence were analyzed to determine the level of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Effects on germination of cold stratification or desiccation in late stages of embryo growth were also studied.Main results: Mean embryo length in fresh seeds was 1.36 mm, needing to grow up to 2.20 mm to be able to germinate. In the laboratory, embryo growth occurred during warm stratification (28/14, 25/10ºC), and then radicle emerged when temperatures went down (15/4ºC in darkness). Phenology study in outdoors conditions revealed that embryo grew during summer-early autumn, short time after seed dispersal in nature (i.e., May); radicle emerged in autumn. The shoot however did not emerge until late winter-early spring, because it was physiologically dormant and required a cold (5ºC) period of 30 days to break dormancy. Early cold temperatures interrupted the embryo growth and induced dormancy in seeds whose embryo had grown 30% with respect to the initial length. Desiccation in seeds whose embryo had grown 30% did not induce dormancy, but did it when the embryo growth reached 70%.Research highlights: Seeds of Narcissus radinganorum have deep simple epicotyl MPD.Key words: dormancy break; radicle emergence; shoot emergence; epicotyl MPD; phenology; secondary dormancy.
En los últimos 20 años se han forestado en Castilla La-Mancha cerca de 120 000 ha de terrenos agrícolas, correspondiendo unas 30 000 ha a la provincia de Albacete. Las forestaciones se han realizado con densidades entre 650 y 1100 plantas ha-1 con especies arbóreas y arbustivas, predominando pinos y encinas entre las primeras y retama y coscoja entre las segundas. El estudio de la evolución de la flora arvense con la edad de las forestaciones nos aporta información sobre la dinámica de colonización de herbáceas y leñosas, así como de los cambios en la comunidad a partir de la transformación de un terreno agrícola a forestal. Para ello, se han seleccionado 36 forestaciones pertenecientes a tres grupos de edad: de 1 a 7 años; de 8 a 14 años y de 15 a 21 años. En todas ellas se han identificado las especies vegetales presentes y estimado su cobertura. Se ha calculado el índice de biodiversidad de Shannon-Wiener para cada una de las forestaciones y el índice de similitud de Sörensen para comparar los distintos grupos. Los resultados indican que, a partir de los 7 años, el número de especies de flora arvense presentes en las forestaciones se reduce en un 25 %; y la cobertura de estas especies se reduce en más de un 70 % a partir de los 14 años.
The aim of this study was to determine the germinative ability of the seeds of four Narcissus taxa belonging to Section Pseudonarcissi after they had been conserved under the conditions of non-recalcitrant seed storage protocols. For each taxon (N. alcaracensis, N. longispathus, N. radinganorum and N. pseudonarcissus subsp. munozii-garmendiae), one seed lot was desiccated to 4% moisture content (MC) and stored under laboratory conditions (22 C, 40-50% relative humidity (RH), whereas another was dehydrated to 3% MC and stored at −10 C. The latter treatment simulated standard conservation conditions for non-recalcitrant seeds. After 26 months, embryo growth and germination were evaluated. Seed responses were correlated with their MC upon dispersal. Seeds of N. alcaracensis, N. longispathus and N. radinganorum left to dry on the mother plant during maturation had 8-10% MC when dispersed, tolerated non-recalcitrant seed conservation and germinated to >90% under the most favorable incubation conditions. Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. munozii-garmendiae seeds did not undergo maturation drying and had 46.7% MC upon dispersal. They reached 100% germination after being desiccated to 4% and stored at 22 C, were not recalcitrant, but failed to germinate when stored at −10 C under non-recalcitrant seed conservation conditions. Therefore, N. alcaracensis, N. longispathus and N. radinganorum seeds can be conserved under non-recalcitrant seed conditions in germplasm banks, whereas those of N. pseudonarcissus subsp. munozii-garmendiae are moderately recalcitrant. Seed storage behavior is influenced primarily by the extent of maturation drying of the seeds on the mother plant.
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