Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, which manifest at school especially in less structured situations such as recess. Recess provides opportunities for relationship with peers in a natural context, for which students with ASD may not be equipped with the necessary skills to use without support. Using a single-case design, we evaluated an intervention applied in recess to improve the social interaction skills of a student with high-functioning ASD mediated by his peers without ASD, in second grade of elementary school. This intervention includes different strategies to initiate the peers without ASD, using direct instruction, modeling, and social reinforcement carried out in the recess setting. After 14 sessions, changes were observed in the rates of initiating and responding to interactions, and a negative trend in the percentage of time that the student maintained low-intensity interactions or was alone. Teachers and family perceived improvements in social skills, more peer acceptance, and increase in the frequency and duration of social interactions. This intervention can help teachers to apply research-based practices to improve some social interaction skills in high-functioning students with autism in inclusive school environments.
. 2 IES Delicias (Valladolid) (Spain).Título: Rendimiento escolar y actitudes personales y de responsabilidad social en el alumnado preadolescente. Resumen: Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de las diferencias observadas entre alumnos de diferente nivel de rendimiento, en las actitudes de responsabilidad social y personales hacia el estudio, según diversas teorías y modelos. Han participado 235 alumnos de tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria, a los que se aplicaron dos escalas de evaluación de actitudes: (a) la Escala de Evaluación de las Actitudes de Responsabilidad Social del Alumnado de Educación Primaria (EARSA-P, Monsalvo, 2012b), formada por 23 ítems agrupados en seis factores (obediencia en el entorno familiar, educado y aceptación de sus errores, confianza en sus padres, responsable en el entorno escolar, amigable y dispuesto a la ayuda y cuidadoso con su medio ambiente); y (b) la Escala de Evaluación de Actitudes generales hacia el Estudio E-1 (Morales, 2006), formada por 15 ítems agrupados en cinco dimensiones (nivel alto de aspiraciones, gusto por el estudio, organización del estudio, esfuerzo por comprender y deseo de seguir aprendiendo). Se compararon los niveles de responsabilidad social y las actitudes hacia el estudio en función del grado de rendimiento académico, encontrando diferencias significativas en las actitudes hacia el estudio y en la responsabilidad entre los grupos en función del rendimiento académico. Palabras clave: Rendimiento académico; actitudes de responsabilidad social; actitudes personales hacia el estudio; evaluación; enseñanza; alumnos preadolescentes.Abstract: This study focuses on the analysis of the differences observed between students with different levels of academic performance in their social attitudes and personal responsibility towards study, according to various theories and models. Participants were 235 students from the third cycle of Primary Education (10-12 years old). They completed two attitude rating scales: (a) Assessment Scale of Social Responsibility Attitudes of Primary School Pupils (EARSA-P, Monsalvo, 2012b), consisting of 23 items grouped into six factors (obedience in the family, polite and accepting their mistakes, trust in their parents, responsible in school setting, friendly and willing to help and careful of their environment); and (b) Assessment Scale of General Attitudes towards Study E-1 (Morales, 2006), which consists of 15 items grouped into five dimensions (high aspirations, enjoyment of study, study organization, efforts to understand and desire to continue learning). We compared the levels of social responsibility and attitudes toward study according to the level of academic achievement, finding significant group differences in attitudes toward study and responsibility in terms of academic achievement.
A conceptual proposal for the teaching style of elementary teachers was established. It is made up of a set of holistic and integrated dimensions with an introspective and extrinsic nature. These dimensions are used as the basis to elaborate the Elementary Teacher's Instructional Self-perceived Competence Evaluation Scale (ET-IACES). It can be used as an assessment instrument with valid, accurate, and reliable psychometric properties, suitable for measuring elementary teachers' strategic competence profile. The ECAD-EP is rated on a Likert-type scale and comprises 58 items arranged in a threedimensional factor structure as follows: (a) Socio-emotional, comprising the variables: co-existence, mediation, group dynamization, emotional bonding, adaptive communication, communicative sensitivity, empathy, and self-efficacy; (b) Communicative-relational, consisting of the variables: assertiveness, affective leadership, executive leadership, problem solving, nonverbal communication, and paraverbal communication; (c) Instructional, which contains the variables: adapting to new situations, instructional control, and planning.Keywords: Teaching styles, assessment of teaching, self-perceived teaching competence, instructional variables, teacher rating scale. ResumenSe establece una propuesta conceptual del estilo de enseñanza del profesorado de EP constituida por un conjunto de dimensiones holísticas e integradoras, de naturaleza introyectiva y proyectiva, que sirven de base para la elaborar la Escala de Evaluación de la Competencia Autopercibida del Docente de Educación Primaria (ECAD-EP), escala que puede ser empleada como un instrumento de evaluación con propiedades psicométricas válidas y fiables, idónea para poder cuantificar el perfil competencial del profesorado estratégico de EP. La ECAD-EP presenta un formato tipo Likert constituida por 58 ítems y dispuesta en una estructura factorial tridimensional del orden siguiente: (a) Socioemocional, compuesto por las variables: convivencia, mediación, dinamización grupal, implicación afectiva, adaptación comunicativa, sensibilidad comunicativa, empatía y autoeficacia; (b) Comunicativo-relacional, constituido por las variables: asertividad, liderazgo afectivo, liderazgo ejecutivo, resolución de conflictos, comunicación no verbal y comunicación paraverbal; (c) Instruccional, que contiene las variables: adaptación a nuevas situaciones, control instruccional y planificación.Palabras clave: Estilos de enseñanza, evaluación de la enseñanza, competencia docente autopercibida, variables instruccionales, escala de evaluación docente.
The performance of school children has been studied by considering partial relationships between several personal variables such as the link between cognition and motivation. However, contextual variables, such as a child’s willingness to accept social responsibility, also influence students’ social and academic performance. Thus, students with greater responsibility have a better attitude toward their studies, resulting in higher academic achievement. This 2-year study aims to reveal to what extent an intervention program affects student performance and is based on the Theory of Positive Action among young people proposed by Don Hellison and the Theory of Reasoned Action by Fishbein and Ajzen. The program focuses on positive influences on social and personal responsibility, taking into consideration parental styles, gender, and academic performance. The program was a part of the educational curricula in participating schools and it targeted four main areas: (a) teaching units using academic texts about social responsibility, (b) student training in mediation processes, (c) teacher training, and (d) family training and involvement. A total of 271 students took part from first and second year of Secondary Education (12–14 years old). The experimental group was made up of 132 students while the remaining 139 formed the control group. All participants completed the Assessment Scale of Social Responsibility Attitudes in Secondary Education and the Parent–Adolescent Communication Scale. Results show that students in the experimental group performed significantly better than those in the control group. Additionally, the issue of social responsibility seems to be related to commitment, self-discipline and perseverance. Regarding gender, males appear to score higher in the factor for well-mannered, friendly and tidy. Finally, a positive relationship has been identified between social responsibility attitudes and parenting with an open communicational style. This paper discusses the results so that schools can include programs aimed at improving social and personal responsibility.
Emotional intelligence is the key to students’ psychological-social well-being and academic performance, and teachers must provide socioemotional education in the classroom. To achieve this, teachers must display high levels of socioemotional skills that ensure their own personal, social, and career well-being and, as a result, that of their students. This study seeks to gain an insight into the levels of socioemotional skills of emotional perception, emotional understanding, and emotional regulation and how these are linked to the sociodemographic and career profile of teachers in infant and primary education. For this, we surveyed 351 teachers—310 female and 41 male—aged between 20 and 69. We used the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) together with a questionnaire (ad hoc) to determine the sociodemographic and career profile of participating teachers. Statistical analysis of the data showed that gender impacts on emotional regulation and emotional perception, while age and number of the children were also seen to have significant difference on emotional regulation and emotional perception. In contrast, professional qualifications were only seen to affect emotional perception. The variable reflecting the level at which staff teach showed significant difference on emotional perception and emotional understanding, while administrative posts held by teachers also demonstrated significant difference on their emotional understanding. The results confirm that sociodemographic and work-related variables impact the level of socioemotional skills of infant and primary education teachers. These aspects should be taken into account in the structure and planning of training aimed at developing socioemotional skills in order to ensure their success.
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