The new ligand 6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl (dhbp) was synthesized via its tautomer, and this provides an efficient route to novel metal complexes of dhbp. In ruthenium complexes of dhbp, these OH groups enhance water solubility and may play a role in aqueous transfer hydrogenation with formate/formic acid as the hydrogen source. A series of cationic catalysts, [(η 6 -arene)Ru(N,N)Cl]-Cl (arene = cymene, C 6 Me 6 ; N,N = bipyridyl with OH, OMe, or H at the 6-and 6′-positions), were synthesized, fully characterized, and tested for transfer hydrogenation activity in various polar protic media. In aqueous media (90/10 water/ methanol), Ru complexes of dhbp outperform the other catalysts tested (all at 1 mol %), and high percentage conversion of aromatic ketones to the corresponding alcohols is observed in 6 h. The OH groups appear to be essential for use of water as a green solvent and can potentially allow for metal−ligand bifunctional catalysis.

Natural disasters, such as hurricanes and floods, are increasing in frequency and scope. Youth exposed to disasters are at risk for developing posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, not all youth who report initially elevated PTSS report persistent PTSS that last beyond the first three to six months postdisaster. Thus, it is crucial to understand how and why youth differ in their patterns of PTSS. This study reviewed the literature on children’s postdisaster PTSS, evaluating the typical number and types of patterns for children’s PTSS trajectories, as well as risk and protective factors predicting trajectory membership. This review identified eight empirical studies on youth PTSS trajectories following natural disasters; these studies included 8,306 children aged 3 to 18 years. All studies identified resilience, recovery, and chronic trajectories. Evidence for a delayed trajectory was mixed. Proportions of children falling into each trajectory varied widely across studies, but overall, resilience was the most prevalent trajectory. These findings were consistent across study factors (i.e., analytic strategy, assessment timing, and study selection criteria). Female gender, disaster exposure, negative coping, and lack of social support were significant risk factors for chronic trajectories across several studies. Future research should combine individual level participant data across studies of children’s responses to disasters to better understand PTSS trajectories.

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A growth mindset emphasizes the malleability of intelligence. The purpose of this pilot study was to implement and evaluate a growth mindset intervention for graduate students. Participants were twenty graduate students recruited from an introductory public health biostatistics class. Students were assessed three times during one semester. At each time point, students completed assessments of growth mindset, grit, social and emotional health, and attitudes toward statistics. Student grades were collected from the course instructor. Descriptive results indicate that growth mindset, grit, and social and emotional health fluctuated little over time. Mean scores for four attitudes toward statistics components improved over time. We found limited relationships between growth mindset and final grades. Growth mindset-based strategies may be more impactful at a persona, rather than academic, level. First published November 2018 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives