Post‐menopausal women are at risk for weight gain and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces fat mass in mice, but results in humans have been inconsistent. In a 36‐ week controlled, double masked, crossover study we sought to determine if CLA reduces body weight and alters body composition. Fifty‐ five subjects were randomized into two groups, receiving 6.4 g mixed isomer CLA and 1.6 g safflower oil (SAF) or 8.0g SAF daily Analysis of results at individual 5% level of significance were as follows. Mean body weight loss in the CLA group was 0.48 ±0.23 kg in diet period one (DP1) and 0.42± 0.19 kg in diet period two (DP2). Body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower with CLA compared to SAF during both diet periods, with a trend toward weight loss after 8 weeks of supplementation. Body fat mass (BFM) was significantly lower in the CLA group without changes in lean body mass (LBM). SAF did not affect BFM, while SAF increased LBM in both diet periods. There was no evidence of change in sagittal abdominal diameter or waist‐ to‐ hip ratio, indexes of visceral obesity. The changes in BMI and BFM were not associated with dietary energy intake. Reports of adverse events did not differ between groups. In conclusion, CLA given at a dose of 6.4g/day over a 16 week period causes a significant reduction in BMI and BFM while preserving LBM in obese postmenopausal women with T2DM. Supported by Cognis GmbH
Dietary fatty acids have been implicated in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. This was a 36‐ week controlled, double masked randomized crossover study, to observe the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and safflower oil (SAF) on markers of insulin sensitivity. Fifty‐five obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) received 6.4 g mixed isomer CLA and 1.6 g SAF per day or 8.0 g SAF daily. Analyses of results at individual 5% level of significance were as follows. During diet period one (DP1), C peptide area under the curve was significantly higher while glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting glucose were significantly lower with SAF supplementation. There appeared to be no effect of CLA. Insulin sensitivity was improved in both diet periods by SAF as shown by a significant increase in quantitative insulin‐sensitivity index and significant decrease in HOMA assessment. In addition, SAF significantly reduced trunk adiposity and increased lean tissue as measured by DEXA. CLA had no significant effects on trunk adiposity. Dietary energy intake remained constant throughout the study. Reporting of adverse events did not differ between groups. In conclusion, CLA does not seem to affect insulin sensitivity, while SAF improves insulin sensitivity, which may be due to a reduction in visceral adiposity, in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Supported by Cognis GmbH.
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions including central adiposity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. We conducted a study of 142 healthy older adults aged 60–88, examining fat quality as measured by diet history questionnaire, and plasma and adipose fatty acid composition as predictors for components of MetS.Plasma 16:0, 16:3n4, 18:1n9, and 20:1n9 and dietary saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and cholesterol predict for having MetS. Dietary monounsaturated fat increases, while adipose 16:1n7 and 18:4n3 decrease, in subjects with increasing numbers of MetS features.Adipose 16:0 is correlated with each feature of MetS. Plasma saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were positively correlated, while plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid composition was negatively correlated, with triglyceride levels.This study demonstrates several important relationships between the features of metabolic syndrome and fatty acid quality in the diet, plasma, and adipose tissue. Further research should be conducted to determine if these relationships are the result of differences in dietary intake or fatty acid metabolism.
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