The detailed study of arm ossicles, particularly the lateral arm plates, is providing valuable information in the elucidation of ophiuroid taxonomy. The present study describes in detail 16 species of brittle stars from Araçá Bay, Brazil. This information is used to construct the first interactive electronic key, providing a valuable resource for a broad range of researchers. Brittle stars families were divided into three groups based on their spatial distribution: i) infaunal species of intertidal and shallow subtidal belonging to Amphiuridae and Ophiactidae, ii) epizoic species belonging to Amphiuridae, Ophiactidae, and Ophiotrichidae and, iii) epifaunal species of the subtidal belonging to Ophiodermatidae and Hemieuryalidae. In the global context of recent revisions of ophiuroid taxonomy, the present work provides additional characters for use in future phylogenetic studies.
-This study focuses on the ophiuroids collected during the Programme of Evaluation of the Living Resources of the Exclusive Economic Zone for the Brazilian coast (REVIZEE), South Score/Benthos, in the states of Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Grande Bay), São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Tramandaí) (24° 07,113' S and 29° 48,500' S; and 43° 46,759' W and 49° 06,800' W). Samples were collected on the continental shelf and slope (60-810 m) using the following equipment: van Veen, box corer and a rectangular dredge. Individuals were identified, measured and photographed under a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope. Growth series of the species that contributed with more than 10 individuals were analysed. A total of 5044 individuals were collected and were represented by 29 species, which belonged to seven families. The most abundant species were Ophiura ljungmani and Ophiomisidium pulchellum, which represented 79.7% of the total number of individuals. The analyses and description of species as well as the organization of the growth series allowed the verification that some characteristics of morphological structures used for the identification of the group remain unaltered throughout the life of the organism, whilst others undergo alterations. We recorded two new occurrences for the Brazilian coast: Ophiostriatus striatus and Amphilimna mirabilis. The ophiuroid fauna is composed of species with wide distribution along the Brazilian coast, such as Ophiothrix angulata and Amphipholis squamata, species with occurrence restricted to certain areas, such as Ophioleptoplax brasiliana and Nudamphiura carvalhoi. Most species were collected within the bathymetry limits previously described for them.Keywords -taxonomy; Ophiuroidea; geographical distribution; bathymetric distribution; Brazil.Resumo -Este estudo foca os ofiuróides coletados durante o Programa de Avaliação do Potencial Sustentável dos Recursos Vivos da Zona Econômica Exclusiva (REVIZEE), Score Sul/Bentos, nos estados de Rio de Janeiro (Baía de Ilha Grande), São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul (Tramandaí) (24° 07.113' S e 29° 48.500' S; e 43° 46.759' W e 49° 06.800' W). As amostras foram coletadas na plataforma e talude continental (60-810 m de profundidade) usando os seguintes equipamentos: van Veen, "box corer" e uma draga retangular. Os indivíduos foram identificados, medidos e fotografados em um estereomicroscópio e um microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Séries de crescimento das espécies com mais de 10 exemplares foram analisadas. Do total de 5044 indivíduos, foram identificadas e descritas 29 espécies pertencentes a sete famílias, sendo que as mais abundantes foram Ophiura ljungmani e Ophiomisidium pulchellum, representando 79,7 % do total amostrado. A análise e descrição das espécies assim como a organização das séries de crescimento, permitiram constatar que algumas estruturas morfológicas utilizadas para a identificação do grupo permanecem inalteradas durante toda vida do organismo, enquanto outras ...
Os ofiuróides aqui analisados são procedentes dos programas "Biodiversidade Bêntica Marinha no Estado de São Paulo" - BIOTA/FAPESP-Bentos Marinhos, "Avaliação do Potencial Sustentável dos Recursos Vivos da Zona Econômica Exclusiva" - REVIZEE/Score Sul-Bentos e "Utilização Racional dos Ecossistemas Costeiros da Região Tropical Brasileira: Estado de São Paulo" - INTEGRADO/Subprojeto Bentos. As amostras analisadas foram coletadas nas regiões da plataforma e talude continental do Sudeste e Sul brasileiros, em profundidades entre 10 e 800 m. São aqui descritas e ilustradas quatro espécies de Ophiuroidea, as quais representam novos registros de ocorrência para o Brasil, duas da família Ophiuridae, uma de Amphiuridae e uma de Ophiochitonidae. Este é também o primeiro registro desta última família para o Brasil. Somente Amphiodia trychna (Amphiuridae) foi amostrada na região da plataforma interna (profundidade < 50 m). As demais ocorreram em maiores profundidades (de 314 a 808 m).
Since 2012, when Ophiothela was first described in the Atlantic, there has been no consensus regarding its identification. It has been described as O. mirabilis, O. cf. mirabilis, O. danae, or only Ophiothela sp. In order to fill these gaps, our aim was to test if specimens from Brazil are Ophiothela mirabilis and/or Ophiothela danae. Syntypes from the Museum of Comparative Zoology and United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, were used. We examined species boundaries of the small six-rayed brittle star Ophiothela using independent character sets utilizing morphology (external morphology and morphometry) and molecular data (16S and COI). Concordance was found between the analyses indicating that Ophiothela sp. from Brazil (BR), Ophiothela mirabilis and Ophiothela danae are closely related. We suggest that O. danae should be considered as a junior synonym of O. mirabilis. A detailed description of O. mirabilis BR is presented using external morphology and microstructural ossicles (arm plates, vertebra, dental and oral plates). This description includes new diagnostic features, particularly regarding its microstructures: (i) transspondylous articulation (first record in Ophiotrichidae); (ii) eight smooth knobs on the dorsal surface of the vertebrae (to date only in Ophiothela); (iii) vertebrae with distal keel divided into two separate end processes matching the two large dorsal grooves proximally (first time in the literature); and (iv) an opening on both sides of the oral plate (as seen in other fissiparous species Ophiactis savignyi and Ophiocomella ophiactoides).
<p>Este guia ilustrado apresenta 57 espécies de Echinodermata Bruguière, 1791 [ex Klein, 1734] registradas na porção sul do Embaiamento Sul Brasileiro (ESB), incluindo o litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, todo o litoral do Paraná e norte de Santa Catarina. O guia destina-se a pesquisadores e estudantes que atuam ou gostariam de atuar com o grupo e serve de auxílio na identificação em campo e laboratório. Apresentamos uma caracterização do filo Echinodermata, uma breve descrição da área de estudo, técnicas de coleta e preservação dos exemplares. Para cada classe, são apresentadas caracterizações com as principais estruturas morfológicas de importância taxonômica, seguida das diagnoses das espécies registradas na ESB. Dentro de cada classe, as espécies foram organizadas por família e depois alfabeticamente de acordo com o gênero e a espécie. Para cada espécie foram incluídas fotos, diagnoses, distribuição geográfica e hábitat quando disponíveis em literatura. Esse trabalho é o primeiro guia ilustrado de equinodermos no Brasil e complementa de forma consistente o conhecimento da biodiversidade do grupo, gerando subsídios para futuras intervenções, tomadas de decisões e manutenção da diversidade deste incrível grupo de animais marinhos.</p><p><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Equinodermos, sul do Brasil, diversidade, Sudoeste Atlântico, Taxonomia.</p>
We re-describe and confirm the validity of Ophiothrix trindadensis Tommasi, 1970 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). This is a native species from Brazil, however it lacked a type series deposited in scientific collections. The recognition of O. trindadensis was made possible using integrative taxonomy applied to many specimens from the type locality (Trindade Island) as well as from different locations along the Brazilian coast (Araçá Bay and Estuarine Complex of Paranaguá). Initially, 835 specimens were studied and divided into four candidate species (CS) inferred from external morphological characters. Afterwards, the CSs were compared using integrative taxonomy based on external morphology, arm microstructures morphology (arm ossicle), morphometry, and molecular studies (fragments of the mitochondrial genes 16S and COI). Analyses indicated CS1 and CS2 as O. trindadensis, and CS3 as O. angulata, both valid species. CS4 remains O. cf. angulata as more data, including their ecology and physiology, are needed to be definitively clarified. Our integrative investigation using specimens from the type locality overcame the lack of type specimens and increased the reliable identification of O. trindadensis and O. angulata.
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