In silvopasture system, the coexistence of eucalyptus seedlings with other species may result in growth reduction, especially during eucalyptus early development. Therefore, studies elucidating how forage species affect the eucalyptus growth can provide important information for their rational management aiming to obtain the maximum gain of the system. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing densities of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in the early development of Eucalyptus urograndis. An experiment was conducted in 20 L pots, in an open and semi-controlled area, during 90 days after planting of eucalyptus. A completely randomized design with four replications was used, in a 6 9 7 factorial system, meaning six evaluation periods and seven densities of U. brizantha: 0 (control), 22, 33, 44, 67, 89 and 111 plants m-2. Fortnightly, eucalyptus height, stem diameter and chlorophyll fluorescence (F v /F m) were evaluated. At the end of experimental period, the net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of eucalyptus plants were determined, in addition to the dry matter of eucalyptus (leaves and stem) and U. brizantha (leaves). In coexistence with 111 plants m-2 , eucalyptus had reduction of 63.9% on total dry matter and 72.7% on leaf area, compared to the control. From the density of 22 plants m-2 , U. brizantha negatively interfere significantly the growth of E. urograndis. Up to 8 plants m-2 there are no reductions greater than 5% in eucalyptus height and stem diameter.

-In Brazil, specifically in São Paulo State, there are guidelines based on the high diversity of tropical forests that instructs the restoration projects in the state (current SMA 32/2014). The main goal of this study was verify the importance and effectiveness of the high diversity of arboreal species originated from a reforestation, and its influence in a woody regenerating composition. We developed a phytosociologic study in a woody regenerating stratum of a nine year old reforestation at a Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN), in Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo State. All specimens with height > 30 cm and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) < 5 cm were evaluated. The woody regenerating diversity was smaller than the overstory diversity and the species composition was similar to the overstory. The Simpson index (1-D) was 0.85, Shannon index (H') was 2.46 and the Pielou index (J') was 0.60. The zoochoric dispersion syndrome was major among the species. Our results suggest that the use of high diversity of native seedlings in a reforestation leads to high diversity of species in woody regeneration stratum, after one decade of planting.

-(Non-arboreal vascular flora in a reforestation implanted with native seedlings). Non-arboreal life forms, such as herbs, vines, and subshrubs, have rarely been assessed in monitoring of reforestations that aim at restoration ecology. This study aimed to assess the non-arboreal species from a reforestation implanted with a composition of Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest, nine years after the plantation. The results showed high number of non-arboreal species, from which, the ones established by natural regeneration, had more species than the tree layer. We found one rare and one critically endangered species that revealed the importance of non-arboreal flora for the conservation of biodiversity and as a potential indicator for monitoring in restoration process. Keywords: natural regeneration, restoration ecology, RPPN RESUMO -(Flora vascular não arbórea de um reflorestamento implantado com espécies nativas). Formas de vida não arbóreas, como ervas, trepadeiras e subarbustos, raramente são avaliadas em estudos de monitoramento de reflorestamentos que visam à restauração ecológica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi inventariar as espécies não arbóreas em um reflorestamento implantado com composição de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, nove anos após o plantio. Os resultados obtidos revelaram elevado número de espécies não arbóreas, das quais as estabelecidas por regeneração natural, que foram registradas em maior número de espécies do que aquelas do estrato arbóreo. Foi encontrada uma espécie rara e uma criticamente ameaçada, destacando a importância dessa vegetação para a conservação da biodiversidade e como um potencial indicador para monitoramento de áreas em processo de restauração. Palavras-chave: regeneração natural, restauração ecológica, RPPN

-(Phytosociology and structure of woody overstory from a reforestation with native species at Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo State, Brazil). We have developed a phytosociological survey on tree stratum (woody overstory) from a nine-year-old reforestation at a Private Reserve of Natural Heritage, São Paulo State, Brazil. We evaluated all the specimens from the tree stratum (Circumference at Breast Height (CBH) ≥ 15 cm). They were obtained from 20 subplots (12.5 × 18 m), located at 20 permanent plots. We evaluated 364 specimens from the tree stratum and found 76 species, 63 genera, and 24 families at a 0.45 ha area. The canopy height ranged from 5 to 11 m. The estimated basal area was 18.29 m² ha -1, and the pioneer species contributed with 69.2 percent of the total plant species. Both basal area and average height parameters increased throughout time, whereas the diversity did not. The diversity index was considered high for a reforestation. Key words: ecological restoration, high diversity, reforestation RESUMO -(Fitossociologia e estrutura do estrato arbóreo de um reflorestamento com espécies nativas em Mogi-Guaçu, SP, Brasil). Foi realizado um estudo fitossociológico do estrato arbóreo, de um reflorestamento com nove anos após o plantio, na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Parque Florestal São Marcelo, em Mogi-Guaçu, SP, Brasil. Analisaram-se todos os indivíduos do estrato arbóreo com perímetro a 1,3 m de altura do solo ≥ 15 cm, obtidos em amostragens realizadas em 20 subparcelas (12,5 × 18 m), instaladas em 20 parcelas permanentes. Obtiveram-se, no levantamento, 364 indivíduos pertencentes a 76 espécies, de 63 gêneros e 24 famílias, para uma área total de 0,45 ha. O dossel variou, predominantemente, entre cinco e 11 m de altura. A área basal foi estimada em 18,29 m² ha -1 , sendo que as espécies pioneiras contribuíram com 69,2%. Parâmetros como a área basal e altura média aumentaram, enquanto a diversidade não variou ao longo do tempo. A diversidade encontrada foi considerada alta para um reflorestamento. Palavras-chave: alta diversidade, reflorestamento, restauração ecológica Um ponto relevante para a restauração ecológica, conforme previsto pela Resolução SMA n o 8/2008, corresponde ao uso de alta riqueza de espécies nativas (80 ou mais espécies arbóreas) nos reflorestamentos. Essa iniciativa é bastante plausível, considerando que a maioria dos ecossistemas brasileiros é formada por um