A theoretical model of well-being identifies 6 key components that have been examined primarily in older adults (e.g., C. D. Ryff, 1989c, 1991): self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth (C. D. Ryff, 1995; C. D. Ryff & C. L. M. Keyes, 1995; C. D. Ryff & B. Singer, 1996). The authors examined them in a sample of 379 Canadian university students to determine how well-being was correlated with endorsement of stereotypic gender roles and with the impostor phenomenon. The participants completed Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, personal communication, March 1996), the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (P. R. Clance & M. A. O'Toole, 1988), and the Extended Personal Attributes Questionnaire (J. T. Spence, R. L. Helmreich, & C. K. Holahan, 1979). The results supported the hypotheses that (a) people with higher scores for expressive traits score higher for well-being stemming from positive relations with others, (b) people with higher scores for instrumental traits score higher for well-being related to feelings of autonomy, (c) people with higher scores for impostor feelings (and lower scores for ability confidence) score lower for self-acceptance and (d) for environmental mastery.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) provides a common language for diagnoses and assessment of trauma victims, including Holocaust survivors. Many of these survivors established post-war families and it is here that we began to witness the possibility of trauma transmission. Parental communication regarding the Holocaust, often characterized by obsessive re-telling or all-consuming silence, and strong family ties are implicated in the theoretical literature on trauma transmission. Terms such as vicarious, empathic, and secondary traumatization have been used to describe intergenerational trauma transmission. The crucial emergent question is whether a secondary PTSD syndrome, reflected in the current PTSD symptomology, is being transmitted from one generation to the next. There is evidence in the literature to support this hypothesis and a call is made for rigorous empirical studies as the test.

Five hundred and forty-one female college students were screened on the B.S.R.I. and the A.w.s.. Those (160) scoring in the "feminine"/traditional or "masculine"/non-traditional categories on both tests provided data on their self-esteem, lifestyle satisfaction and anxiety/conflict over their traditional/ non-traditional life choices. Traditional women scored significantly lower on self-esteem, lifestyle satisfaction and higher on anxiety/conflict. Results were interpreted in terms of the differential (i.e., higher) social value attributed to "masculine"/non-traditional versus "feminine"/traditional traits and behaviours. Furthermore, the value of intrinsic rewards which accrue to women who lead their lives according to their own preferences and beliefs, regardless of social costs, was explored. Demographically, in comparison to the traditional women, the non-traditional participants were older, and were more likely to be married. ResumeCinq cent quarante et une etudiantes de niveau collegia! ont ete choisies a l'aide du «Bem Sex Role Inventory" et de l'«Attitudes Towards Women Scale». Les 160 etudiantes, qui se sont classees dans les categories «feminine»/traditionnelle ou «masculine»/non traditionnelle dans les deux tests, ont fourni des donne'es sur leur estime d'elles-memes, sur la satisfaction que leur procurait leur mode de vie et sur I'anxiete/conflit qu'elles eprouvaient par rapport a leur choix de vie traditionnel ou non traditionnel. Les femmes traditionnelles ont enregistre des scores beaucoup moins elevens pour ce qui est de l'estime de soi et de la satisfaction a l'egard du mode de vie, et des scores plus eleves quant a 1'anxiete/conflit. Les resultats sont interpretes en fonction de la valeur sociale differentielle (c.-a-d. plus elevee) attribute aux caraete>istiques et comportements «masculins»/non traditionnels par opposition a ceux qui sont «feminins»/traditionnels. On examine egalement la valeur des gratifications intrinseques des femmes qui menent leur vie selon leurs preferences et leurs croyances, peu importe le cout social. Sur Ie plan demographique, les participantes non traditionnelles etaient plus agces que les participantes traditionnelles, et les chances qu'elles soient mariees etaient plus grandes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of authoritarianism in subjects' judgments of male and female candidates in a job selection interview. Male and female personnel officers were randomly selected from a pool of 144 volunteers and were assigned on the basis of Revised California F Scale scores to high, moderate, and low authoritarian groups, until 14 males and 14 females comprised each treatment. It was hypothesized that high authoritarian personnel officers of both sexes (a) would rate male job applicants more favorably than females when they were presented in simulated videotaped recruitment interviews and (b) would subsequently make more job offers to male than female job applicants. The data supported both of these hypotheses and indicated the usefulness of extending this approach to other aspects of the employment setting as well as to other nonemployment settings such as vocational counseling.

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