From the present study, we propose that after accurate classification, interventional bronchoscopic management may have an important role in the treatment of benign tracheal stenosis. Bronchoscopic treatment should be considered as first-line therapy for simple stenoses, whereas complex stenoses need a multidisciplinary approach and often require surgical intervention. However, bronchoscopic treatment may be a valid conservative approach in the management of patients with complex tracheal stenosis who are not eligible for operative treatment.

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One of the obstacles to organ donation and transplantation in Turkey is that of religious beliefs and, at this point, religious officials constitute a key aspect of this problem. Positive or negative viewpoints held by religious officials regarding organ donation and transplantation are influential in guiding the public. This descriptive study was conducted for the purpose of describing religious officials' viewpoints on this subject. To determine the opinions of 40 religious officials from among the imams and muezzins working in Zeytinburnu District Mufti (Religious Officials Superior) Station who participated in a normal meeting in April and who fully completed the survey. A 27-question survey form was used that consisted of open-ended and closed questions, 5 of which were on socio-demographic characteristics, 13 on viewpoints on organ donation and transplantation, and 9 on the Islamic viewpoint regarding organ donation and transplantation. For the analysis of the results, Student's t test and one-way ANOVA tests were used. It was found that all of the religious officials believed in the importance of organ donation, 80 % considered donating their organs, and 5 % had made an organ donation. Of the religious officials who had not donated organs, 35 % gave an answer that there was no specific reason and 27.5 % stated that they had never considered the subject. While the number of those stating that they would donate the organs of a close associate who had died, 77.5 % of them who did not want to donate gave as their reason the idea that if it were him, he would perhaps not want to give his organs after death. Of the religious officials questioned, 92.5 % asserted that the religion of Islam looked positively on organ donation and transplantation, 55 % stated that the knowledge of religious officials in the country was inadequate regarding this subject, and 65 % said that for interest in organ donation to increase, religious officials should make speeches and raise the issue with the public in conversations, meetings, and sermons. Fully 85 % asserted that for interest in organ donation in Turkey to increase, religious officials have to lead on the subject. Of those questioned, 52.5 % considered their knowledge on organ donation and transplantation to be adequate and that they had obtained 52.5 % of such information from seminars/conferences, 50 % from television/radio, and 45 % from Directorate of Religious Affairs publications. However, 40 % expressed that they did not know where organ donations were made. One reason for inadequate organ donation in Turkey is that of incorrect religious beliefs. Thus, it is necessary that informative efforts are made by the Directorate of Religious Affairs through in-house training programs, and that healthcare, religious, and legal officials work jointly to inform the public about organ donation, organ transplantation, and brain death. Additionally, religious officials should donate organs by the way of example and, to increase their sensitivity, healthcare professionals should g...

Objective: The correct use of necessary equipment is the key for a successful noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) practice. Trained health care personnel are important part of the practice. The current study was conducted to that end, with the aim of determining the level of knowledge about NIMV of nurses working in a training and research hospital as descriptive. Methods:The study was conducted with 147 nurses who are working at Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital in İstanbul. Questionnaire form of 36 questions prepared by investigators was used to collect data. For the analysis of the results, numerical, percentages, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used.'Results: 40.8% nurses had received training about NIMV. By contrast, 24.5% stated that they had learned NIMV practices on their own. The lowest rate (26.5%) of correct answered question was "disadvantages of oronasal mask". The most answered statement as true was "Face masks should be established to the patient's face with no gaps for prevention of leaks and the mask should be worn not to pressure on nasal bridge" (78.9%). Female and postgraduate nurses' total scores obtained from NIMV questions were higher than others and were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion:The effective NIMV practices requires trained personnel. Nurses who have active role in NIMV practices should receive basic training in this topic. How will be started treatment, indications, who will be responsible for follow-up and points to take into consideration are mentioned clearly in the training program. This training programme should include processing of clinical experience as well as theoretical information.

ÖZET Hasta yakinlarinin organ bagi^i ve nakli ile ilgili tutumlan ve sosyal proñlleri arasindaki ili^kiAmaç: ÜIkemizde organ bagiçinin arzulanan düzeye ulaçmamasinin nedeni bu konudaki toplumsal bilincin henüz oluçturulamamiç olmasidir. Bu çaliçmada, hasta yakinlarinin organ bagiçi ve nakli ile ilgili tutumlanni belirlemek ve organ bagijina karji gösteriien tutum ile sosyal profilleri arasindaki iliçkiyi saptamak amaçlandi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Arajtirma kapsamina 5-11 Eylül 2011 tarihleri arasinda Yedikule Gögüs Hastaliklan ve Gögüs Cerrahisi Egitim ve Araçtirma Hastanesi nde yatarak tedavi gören hastalarin yakinlarindan ara^tirmaya katilmayi kabul eden 206 kiji alindi. Arastirmacilar tarafindan hazirlanan bir soru formu ile katilimcilara ait sosyodemografik özellikler ve organ bagiçina yönelik tutumlar toplandi. Sonuçlarin analizi için sayi, yüzde, student t-tesd ve Oneway Anova testleri kullanildi. Bulgular: Çaliçma kapsamina aliñan hasta yakinlannm %88.3'ünün organlanni bagiçlamadigi, %45.6'sinin organ bagiçinin nereye yapiidigini bilmedigi, %62.i'inin bu konuda bilgi sahibi olmadigi, %74'ünün organ bagiçini onayladigi saptandi. %40.8'i bir yakini yaçami yidrdiginde onun organlanni bagiçlama konusunda kararsiz kaldi. Erkek, bekar, université mezunu, iççi, ekonomik durumu yüksek, kronik hastaligi olmayan, haberleri takip eden, boç zamanlanni degerlendiren, evde kalabalik nüfusa sahip olmayan ve Ege Bölgesi'nden bireyierin organ bagiçi ve nakli ile ilgili olumiu tutuma sahip oldugU; kadin, evii, okuma yazma bilmeyen, ev hanimi, ekonomik durumu dü^ük, kronik hastaligi olan, haberleri takip etmeyen, boç zamani olmayan, evde kalabalik nüfusa sahip olan ve Karadeniz Bölgesi'nden bireyierin olumsuz tutuma sahip oldugu saptandi (p<0.05). Sonuç: Organ bagifi ve nakli konusunda toplumun egitimi ve bu konuda olumiu tutum içinde bulunmalari organ bagiçi sayisinin artmasinda cok önemlidir. Egitim verilecek hedef kitlenin temel egitim düzeyi, sosyokültürel özellikleri ve organ bagiçi konusunda genel bakis açilari belirlenmeli ve bu özelliklere göre egitim verilmelidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Hasta yakinlari, organ bagiçi, organ nakli, sosyal profil, tutum ABSTRACT 777e relationship between the attitudes of patients' relatives towards organ donation and transplantation and their social profiiesObjective: In our country organ donations have not been achieved at the desired level and the reason of this issue is that social consciousness in this regard has not been created yet. In this study, the aim was to determine the relationship between the attitudes of patients' relatives towards organ donation and their social profiles. Material and Methods: Of 206 subjects who agreed to participate in the study among patient's relatives of the inpatients hospitalised in Yedikule Chest Disease Education and Research Hospital between September 5"' and 11'" of 2011, were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics and the attitudes of the participants were collected with a questionnaire prepared by the investigators. Percentages, one-...